Introduction: This study was to examine the effects of endurance training and high-fat diet in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the male adult rat hippocampus.

Materials and Methods: Twenty eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) Regular diet-sedentary (RD-Sed), (2) Regular diet-Exercise (RD-Exe), (3) HF-sedentary (HF-Sed), and (4) HF- Exercise (HF- Exe) RD-Sed group was regarded as control. Animals in exercise groups received 8-wk endurance training and animals in HF groups were exposed to the HF diet for 8-wk. Hippocampal BDNF protein was assessed using commercial ELISA kits and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Statistical differences were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results: The results showed that the endurance training had no significant increase in BDNF protein level comparison with the RD-Sd and HF-Sed groups moreover the high-fat diet had no significant effect in BDNF protein level.

Conclusion: According to results of present study, looks applications of endurance training can increase amount of hippocampus BDNF protein level.