Background: Nowadays, the decline in birth rate is one of the most important social problems in developing societies. Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive in a couple trying to reproduce after one year of regular intercourse without contraception. Leptin have been implicated in maintaining normal female reproductive functions, including lactation, folliculogenesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, the maintenance of mammary gland morphology, the development of dominant follicles and oocytes, the maturation of the uterus endometrium, and menstrual cycle regulation. Sinyle-nucleotide polymorphism T>C found in exon 3 leads to substitution of Arg>Trp at codon 1.5 (R105W). In this case-control study, we aimed to evaluate the association of this polymorphism and the risk of female infertility in the population of Guilan.

Materials and Methods: Blood Samples were collected from 86 patients diagnosed with female infertility and 60 control subjects, and genotyped by allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). To estimate the association between genotype and allele frequencies in cases and controls, Chi-Square analysis was used.

Results: Analysis revealed no significant differences were found in genotype and allele distributions of LEP Arg105Trp between infertility cases and controls (p=0.21, p=0.2) in this population.

Conclusion: Our findings indicated no significant association between the Arg105Trp polymorphism and female infertility risk (p=0.21). While, more studies are needed to confirm the results.