@article{ author = {Aminmansour, Bahram and Eslami, Kambiz}, title = {The investigation of Association Between Craniotomy and Serum Cortisol and Growth Hormone Levels in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract ={Introduction: Different hormonal responses may appear in severe head injured patients (including increase in serum Cortisol & GH level). These changes can also be seen in recovery and rehabilitation periods, so influencing the patients, outcome. Materials and Methods: Forty severely head injured patients, referred to emergency units of Alzahra & Kashani hospitals were studied in a cohort study (selected by convenient sampling) after dividing into two equal groups. Craniotomy was performed for one group and conservative (non-surgical) therapy for the other. In the first and seventh day of admission serum Cortisol and growth hormone were checked (using RIA method). Data was analyzed by paired and student t tests. Results: There were significant differences between mean of GH in the first and also in the seventh day(both with P<0.05) and between mean of GH and Cortisol from first to seventh day in two study groups(P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between mean of Cortisol in the first or seventh day in two study groups. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that craniotomy as an independent factor can raise serum GH and Cortisol levels in severely head injured patients.}, Keywords = {Severe traumatic brain injury, Craniotomy, Growth hormone, Cortisol}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Palizvzn, Mohamadreza and ElahGhaznaviRad, Ehs}, title = {The Investigation of Relation Between Learning and Sensitivity to Chemical Kindeling With Pentylenetetrazole in Male Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common afflictions of human. The amygdala is one of the most sensitive epilepsy induction areas. This area has been the focus of interest, in large part due to its role in fear conditioning. It seems that any abnormality in the neuronal network in amygdala can increase the susceptibility of animal to seizure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between avoidance learning and kindeling susceptibility in rats. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 20 Wistar male rats were trained for two way active avoidance learning in the shuttle box, and on the basis of escape response were divided into fast and slow learning animals. The rats were administered Pentylenetetrazole for induction of kindeling. Then seizure stages were noted. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: Results of the present study demonstrated that slow learning animals comparing to fast learnings were more prone to kindeling and there was a significant difference in the seizure stage and stage 2 latency in the two groups. Conclusion: On the basis of the present data it is possible to predict the predisposing of male rats to kindeling from the rate of fear conditioning that indicates the abnormality in amygdala neuronal circuits}, Keywords = {Fear conditioning, Kindeling, Amygdala, Pentylenetetrazole}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {8-14}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Darabi, Mohammad Reza and NasrIsfahani, Mohammad Hosei}, title = {Effect of Fusion Duration on Cleavage and Developmental Rate of Electrofused Tetraploid 2-cell Bovine Embryo}, abstract ={Introduction: Because tetraploid embryo is used as a base for growth and development of transgenic cells, one of the most important stages in animal biotechnology is to produce tetraploidy by electrofused 2-cell embryo. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fusion duration on developmental rate of tetraploid embryos. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study some of the bovine 2-cell embryos were obtained from in vitro matured and fertilized cumulus oocyte complexes 33-35 hr post fertilization as an unexposed control group (UCG). The remaining 2-cell embryos were exposed to 0.75 kilovolt per centimeter for 80 microsecond, and were transferred to SOF1 medium. Subsequently those embryos fused at 30 and 60 minute post electrofusion were categorized as fused groups (FG30 and FG60) and separated from unfused embryos as exposed control group (ECG). The developmental rate was compared between UCG, ECG, FG30, and FG60 groups and the relation between fusion duration and cleavage and developmental rate was surveyed. Results: The cleavage rate up to 8-cell stage in FG60 was increased significantly compared to FG30 (p<0.05) while the blastocyst rate has no significant difference between the two groups. The cleavage and developmental rate in UCG was significantly higher than ECG, FG60 and FG30. Chromosomal analysis showed that 76% of embryos were true tetraploid. Conclusion: The fused embryos in FG60 had more ability to produce embryos up to 8-cell stage than FG30. The electrical pulse can decrease the cleavage and developmental ability of embryo}, Keywords = {Fusion time, Blastocyst, Tetraploid, Bovine}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {15-23}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Sharif, Mahdi and Keyghobadi, Masoud and Ziaei, Hajar and Izadi, Jamshid and Gholami, Shirzad and Khaliliyan, Alirez}, title = {Measurement of Biochemical Components of Liver Hydatid Cyst Fluids in Human, Sheep, Goat, Cattle and Camel Mazandaran 2004}, abstract ={Introduction: Different strains of Echinococcus Granulosus have been found in endemic areas of Iran. This variation has a significant aspect in the field of medical parasitology and veterinary and also in epidemiology, pathology, control and prevention of Hydatid cyst infection. Morphology, epidemiology and biochemical studies can be carried out to determine Hydatid cyst strains in human and animal origins as host. This study was done to measure different biochemical compositions of liver Hydatid cyst fluids in human, sheep, goat, cattle and camel in 2004. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional-analytical study, 112 samples of Hydatid fluids were collected from the liver cysts of different hosts: 16 sheeps, 64 cattles, 12 goats and 10 camels in slaughter houses of Sari and Ghaemshahr and 10 human in Imam hospital. All cyst fluids were centrifuged at 4500 rpm at 4˚C for 45 minutes and the supernatants were analyzed for various biochemical parameters. Results: Quantitative differences were observed in the levels of Sodium, Glucose, Urea, Alanin Aminotransferase (AST) in liver cystic fluids obtained from different hosts, although these differences were not statistically insignificant. However, differences in the levels of Potassium, Calcium, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Uric acid, Creatinin, Albumin, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, Aspartat Aminotransferase (AST) and Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) in different Hydatid cyst fluids were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Differences in biochemical composition of different Hydatid cyst fluids suggest the possible existence of more than one strain of Echinococcus Granulosus in human and other intermediate domestic animal hosts in Mazandaran.}, Keywords = {Human, Biochemical components, Animal origin, Hydatid cyst}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {24-31}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Tavafi, Majid and Dezfulian, Abdolrahman and Shams, Alireza and Tabatabaie, Parvaneh and Tavakoli, Asadolah}, title = {Ultrastructural Study of Combined Therapy Effect of Losartan and Octreotide on Inhibition of Glomerular Epithelial Changes in Uninephrectomized Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: In diabetes mellitus the increase of AgII (Angiotensin II), IGF-1(insulin like growth factor-1) and growth hormone induce kidney lesions especially changes in content and thickness of GBM and widening and fusion of podocyte pedicles. In this research for the first time the combination of Losartan (AT1 receptor blocker) and Octreotide (Somatostatin analogue) were used in order to prevent glomerular epithelial lesions. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study 15 male rats (2 months age) were uninephrectomised from left flank and divided in 5 groups (3 per group). 7 days later diabetes was induced in 2th, 3th, 4th and 5th group by Alloxan (120mg/kg) subcutaneously. 5 days after diabetes induction, the third group received Losartan (5mg/kg/day) orally, 4th group Octretide (10 ŭg/day) subcutaneously and 5th group both two drugs with the mentioned doses for 8 weeks. The 2th group was served as diabetic non treatment group. Kidneys of all groups were fixed by perfusion technique. After second fixation of 1 mm3 cortex parts in Osmium Tetroxide, they were processed in TAAB812 resin for embedding. Thin sections (600 nm thickness) were prepared and investigated by transmission electron microscope qualitatively. Results: Losartan inhibited fusion and thickening of podocyte pedicles but in some cases couldn,t maintain the 3 layer form of GBM. Octreotide had little effect on inhibition of fusion and thickening of podocyte pedicles and no effect in 3 layer form maintaining of GBM. Combined therapy inhibited fusion and thickening of podocyte pedicles and maintained 3 layer form of GBM but in some cases the lamina rara near endothelium was not seen. Conclusion: Octreotide have little effect on prevention of glomerular epithelium lesions. However Losartan could prevent glomerular epithelium lesions well, but combined drug therapy showed better results comparing Losartan.}, Keywords = {Losartan, Octreotide, GBM, Podocyte pedicles fusion, Ultrastructural study, Diabettes.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-44}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {IranFar, Shirin and Fakheri, Taravat and Safari, Firozeh and AmirFakhri, Shirin and Rezaie, Mansour}, title = {The Vibroacoustic Stimulation Test Diagnostic Value in Predicting Fetal Distress}, abstract ={Introduction: Considering the importance of diagnosing fetal distress and knowing diagnostic methods with minimum cost and time and high diagnostic value, this study was performed to evaluate the vibroacoustic stimulation test ( VAST) value in predicting fetal distress in women in active phase of labor, reffering to Motazedi hospital, Kermanshah, 2004. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was carried out on women in active phase of labor (dilatation >3-4), full term, single fetus, cephalic presentation, without previous diseases and also abnormal fetus. At first FHR was monitored for 15 minutes, then vibroacoustic stimulation was done for 3 seconds using an artificial larynx of Seimens Servox with high - pitch intensity equal to 105 dB. Results were recorded as non reactive and reactive FHR ( twice 15 beats acceleration for 15 seconds). Other variables such as type of delivery, 1 and 5 minutes Apgar, meconium passing and nuch cord were documented. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and diagnostic value test. Results: Age of women was 25.2 ±5.8, number of pregnancy 1.94 ± 1.33 and 51.8% of them had one pregnancy. FHR before VAST was 61.1% reactive and 26.3% suspicious and after VAST 60.8% reactive and 5.3% suspicious. In VAST method sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic value were 88.3%, 70% and 75.5% respectively and in nonVAST method 68.3%, 66.5%, 23.6%. Conclusion: This study showed that VAST can assist to reduce suspicious cases of FHR.The prognostic value of VAST in predicting fetal distress was high. It is recommended to carry out further researches about duration and intensity of sound and using periodic FHR}, Keywords = {Vibroacoustic Stimulation Test (VAST), Fetal distress, Diagnostic value, Active phase of labor}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {45-51}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Narenji, Fereshte and Roozbahani, Nasrin and Attarha, Mahtab and AkbariTorkestani, Naeimeh and Khosravi, Sharareh}, title = {The Effect of Maternal Position in Active phase on Duration of Labor and Newborn\'s Apgar Score}, abstract ={Introduction: It seems that mother,s position and activity during labor can affect labor process and it,s outcomes. This investigation aimed to investigate maternal position,s effect in active phase on labor duration and newborn,s Apgar. Materials and Methods : This is a quasi experimental study which is done on 256 mothers referring to Taleghani hospital in Arak city. Sampling was convenience and sample size was determined based on α=5% and β=20%. Mothers were divided into two primi and multipara groups and each mother chose one of the lying on left side, semi ambulatory and ambulatory positions based on her own intent. The duration of first, second and third stages of labor and also the newborn,s Apgar score in first and fifth minutes after birth was determined in each group. Data was analyzed using Shefe test. Results: Results showed that more than half of mothers (55.5%) preferred semi ambulatory position. 98.8% of deliveries were normal vaginal delivery and most of newborn,s Apgar score in first and fifth minutes after birth was 9 and 10 respectively. There was no significant difference between labor complications and maternal position and also between Apgar score and maternal position. It was found that the duration of first, second and third stages of labor in primiparas of ambulatory group were shorter than the other two primipara groups. But the difference was only significant in first stage(p<0.001). In multiparas of the ambulatory group the duration of first and second stages were significantly shorter than the other two multipara groups(p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall findings showed that the duration of first stage of labor in ambulatory primiparas and first and second stages of multiparas were significantly reduced so it seems that ambulation of mother during labor can improve labor process.}, Keywords = {Phase of labor , Apgar score , Maternal position ,Active phase}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {52-57}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Taheri, Rami}, title = {Case Peports of Patients With Sweet\'s Syndrome in Bu-Ali Hospital, Tehran 1992-2002}, abstract ={Introduction: Sweet,s syndrome (SS) is characterized by painful plaque on extremities, face and neck fever and peripheral leukocytosis. In this study patients with Sweet,s syndrome are described in a 10 years period. Cases: This is a case series study in which 9 patients admitted to dermatology unit of Bu-Ali hospital were studied between 1992 to 2002. Basic characteristics of skin lesions in each patient were as following: red, painful and raised lesions on hand and lower leg of the first patient large, flaccid bullae containing hemorrhagic fluid on both lower legs and upper portion of one thigh and scar over both ankles in the second patient papule and nodule on left hand with pain, itching and hemorrhagic secretion in the third patient bullae over internal surface of thighs and trunk and hyperpigmented, diffused macula over abdomen in the forth patient painful papule and nodule on hands and right lower leg in the fifth patient painful plaque and nodule in the sixth patient erythematous and painful papule on both lower leg and abdomen in the seventh patient erythematose papule and nodule with burning sensation over abdomen and right hand in the eight patient and painful bullae on neck and right lower leg in the ninth patient. Conclusion: Some special findings were found in these patients. For example, hemorrhagic and flaccid bullae, epidermal changes such as regional hyper keratosis and acanthosis and scar formation due to the illness which were not mentioned in previous reports of the disease.}, Keywords = {Sweet's syndrome, Vasculitis, Leukocytoclasia}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {58-66}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Arman, Soror and Fahami, Fariba and HasanZahraee, Roshanak}, title = {A Comparative Study on Women’s Sexual Functioning Disorders Before and After Menopause}, abstract ={Introduction: Sexual instinct which is the cause of numerous changes in one’s life could be influenced by numerous factors such as menopause and aging. This study was focused on comparison of women’s sexual functioning disorders before and after menopause. Materials and Methods: This is an analytic cross sectional study in which data related to before and after menopause sexual activities of 174 married women (living with their spouses), referring to health centers in Isfahan in 2003 was collected and investigated. Data was collected by a self constructed sexual dysfunction inventory in which reliability and validity were reached by content validity and α chorenbach index. Findings were analysed through descriptive and inferential (MC-Nemar) statistics. Results: Findings showed that relative frequency of sexual functioning disorders in productive period was 38% and in menopausal period 72.4%. There was a significant association between sexual functioning disorders before and after menopausal period (P < 0.001). Frequency distribution of sexual functioning disorders in productive period of these women according to severity of disorders were: sexual desire disorder (49/2%), dyspareunia (34/3%), arousal dysfunction (26/8%), orgasmic dysfunction (23/8%), and vaginismus (16/4%). Frequency distribution of sexual functioning disorders in menopausal period of these women were: arousal dysfunction(75/3%), sexual disire disorder (62/6%), orgasmic dysfunction (56/3%), dyspareunia (34/9%) and vaginismus (15/8%). Conclusion: As revealed by the findings of the study,a high percentage of women experience sexual functioning disorders in productive and menopausal periods. Menopause can be a cause to occur, or continue these disorders. The role of health care professinals in conselling and education is emphasized.}, Keywords = {Menopause, Productive period, Sexual functioning disorder}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Palizvan, Mohamadreza and AminiKomeijani, Azam and GhaznaviRad, Ehsan Alah}, title = {The Effect of Intrahippocampal Injection of Verapamil on Pentylenetetrazol Kindling in Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: Studies showed that following spontaneous epilepsy in rats, the permeability of CA1 region of Hypocampus to calcium is increased. In this study the role of voltage dependent calcium channels on the development of kindling induced by Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was investigated in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study rats were divided into two groups. In the test group, Verapamil (calcium channel blocker) was injected in the Hippocampus (4 g/4 min). After 20 minutes kindling was established by PTZ in subconvulsive dose (37.5 mg/kg ip). Convulsing activities were monitored for 20 min. The control group was the same age and undergone the same procedure exept for the injection, in which ACSF was injected without Verapamil. Results: Verapamil significantly (p<0.01) reduced the number of needed stimulations to progress from stage 0 to 5 of the convulsion and also significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the fifth stage of seizure. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that interahippcampal injection of Verapamil facilitated the Pentylenetetrazol kindling in rats but had inhibitory effects on kindled animals.}, Keywords = {Pentylenetetrazol, Kindling, Verapamil, Hippocampus}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {8-15}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Jivad, Nahid and Rafieian, Mahmoo}, title = {The Comparison of Prophylactic Effects of Propranolol and Nimodipine on Migraine Headache}, abstract ={Introduction: Different groups of drugs are used for prevention of migraine headaches. Howevere, there are controversy about the afficacy of these drugs. Furtheremore, the priority of one to other group is not clear. This study was designed therefore, to compare the effects of Propranolol and Nimodipine on sevierity, duration and frequency of migraine headache. Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial study, 102 patients with migraine headache refered to neurology clinic were chosen. Patients were devided into two drug groups. Group one received 40 mg Propranolol per day and group two received 30 mg Nimodipine. Data was collected by a questionnaire. Patients were asked to record the severity, duration and frequency of their migraine attacks. Data was analysed using t-test. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The duration and severity of migraine attacks in Propranolol group were less compared to Nimodipine group (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical differences in the frequency of migraine of these two groups. Conclusion: Propranolol seems to be more effective than Nimodipine in prevention of migraine headaches}, Keywords = {Headache, Migraine, Nimodipine, Propranolol}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {16-21}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-171-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-171-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Roozbahani, Nasrin and Jabbari, Zahra and Yazdi, Sahar}, title = {The comparison of Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris and Mefenamic acid Effects on Primary Dysmenorrhea}, abstract ={Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent complaints of women which is due to Prostaglandin release and is treated by chemical drugs. Today regarding side effects of these drugs, scientists are increasingly moving toward using herbal drugs. This study is planned to comparison the effects of Thymus Vulgaris and Mefenamic acid on primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial study. Target population was women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea and study population was women reffering to marriage consulting center. Based on α=0/5, β=0/20, sample size was calculated 214 which were divided into two groups randomly. Samples were asked to determine their pain severity before using the drug, by a visual scale (0-10cm). In the study group each sample cosumed 15 grams Thyme leaf brewed in a glass of water and in control group samples used 250mg Mefenamic acid capsules. Then pain severity was determined again 1, 2 and 3 hours after using drugs. Data was analysed by mean and standard deviation indexes and K-S, man-whitney and chi-square tests. Helsinki declaration was regarded at all stages of the research. Results: Pain severity mean, before using the two drugs had no significant difference between groups. In each group, pain severity was significantly decreased before and after using the drug (p=0.05). But the rate of decreasing pain between the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Regarding results, it seems both Mefenamic acid and Thymus Vulgaris decrease pain at the same level which seems to be due to Thyme,s antiprostaglandin and antispasmodic effects.}, Keywords = {Primary dysmenorrhea, Herbal drugs, Thymus vulgaris, Mefenamic acid}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {23-27}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-172-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-172-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Farahani, Hamid and Borjian, Leyl}, title = {Comparison of Fluid Therapy for Resuscitation of Hemorrhagic Shock in Intact Rat and Hypothermic Kidney Denervated Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: Recent studies have demonstrated that hypothermia after hemorrhagic shock (HS) can decrease need of fluid therapy and increase arterial pressure that results in increase the survival rate. But it has not been determined how hypothermia causes these beneficial effects. This study reviews hypothermia effects in this area. Materials and Methods: This is an experiential study in which 24 rats were divided into four groups. Rats were anesthetized by pentobarbital. In groups 1and3, bilateral renal sympathectomy was done and in the groups 2 and 4 renal nerves remained intact and only lateral incisions were done to preserve similar conditions. Then rats underwent HS phase (phase I) for 90 minutes, by withdrawing 4-6 ml of blood during 10 mines. After shock induction, only in groups 1 and 2, body temperature was lowered to 32oC. At the end of phase I, rats underwent resuscitation phase (phase II) by reinfusion of blood & additional Ringer Lactate to retain normal arterial pressure. Stage II lasted 60 minutes. Results: In hypothermic groups (1 and 2) in comparison to normothermic groups (3 and 4) there was less blood or fluids needed for resuscitation (p<0.05). Arterial pressure before shock was the same in all groups but at the end of phaseII was higher in hypothermic ones (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that mild hypothermia has beneficial effects on survival of animals with HS. Although it is obvious that intact kidneys have vital role in maintaining body fluid balance during HS, but it seems hypothermic rats requires lesser fluid therapy even without nerve of kidney. More studies could be probably required to confirm this.}, Keywords = {Hypothermia, Hemorrhagic shock, Kidney nerve dissection, Fluid therapy}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {28-34}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-173-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-173-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Kazemi, Touba and Panahishahri, Hossain and Hossainifarash, Maryam and Darabi, Mahdi and Kashanian, Mohsen and Akbari, Hossai}, title = {Effect of Dill Pearl on Serum Lipids}, abstract ={Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is one of the main known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Regarding the undesirable consequences of hyperlipidemia and its long-term treatment, it is important to use drugs with lesser complications during the long period of treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trail that carried out on 65 patients with hyperlipidemia. Patients were divided into two groups. Case groups took dill pearl, and control group took placebo pearl for one month. Serum lipids of both groups were measured before and one month after interference. Data was analysed with t-test and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study , differences between mean level of cholesterol, triglyseride, HDL and LDL in case group before and after interference were statistically significant (P<0/05) but in control group only difference between HDL before and after interference was significant . Conclusion: Regarding the result of the study dill pearl can be a useful drug for treatment of hyperlipidemia.}, Keywords = {Hyperlipidemia, Dill pearl, Cholesterol, Triglyseride, HDL, LDL}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {35-41}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {mosayebi, Ghasem and GhaznaviRad, Ehsanola and Fani, Ali and Moazenni, sEYEDmohamm}, title = {Frequency of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class-I and II in Arakian patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.}, abstract ={  Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, human leukocyte antigens Introduction: Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes is created by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas in genetically susceptible individuals. The relationship between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) associated factors and susceptibility to IDDM disease, was reported by several investigators. Association with different HLA types depends also on the studied populations. The aim of the present study was to determine HLA antigens which represent a high susceptibility to develop the IDDM disease in this area. Materials and Methods: In this study, the prevalence of HLA class-I and II antigens has been determined in 31 Arakian patients with IDDM and 57 normal healthy controls with similar ethnic background and from the same geographical area. The typing of HLA antigens was carried out using standard microlymphocytotoxicity method. Results: A significantly higher frequency of HLA-A2, A3, B21, DR3 and DQ2 were found in IDDM cases compared to the controls. In contrast, HLA-DR2, DR7 and B53 were represented at a somewhat higher frequency in controls compared to the IDDM patients. Conclusion: These results indicate that HLA-A2, A3, B21, DR3 and DQ2 antigens contribute to susceptibility to IDDM independently and HLA-DR2, DR7 and B53 antigens maybe associated with prevention of IDDM in Arakian patients.}, Keywords = {Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, human leukocyte antigens}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {42-49}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Mohajerani, Amad Reza and Moshtaghi, Negin and Susanabadi, Alirez}, title = {Studying the Sensitivity of Tracheal and Esophageal Detector in Correct Intubation}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the most important skills which should be learned and performed by physicians and nurses is the correct method of intubation. Therefore, more attention should be given to such trainings. The main purpose of the recent study is manufacturing and utilization of a detector device for correct intubation which can be used by inexpert staff who are not members of anesthesia team. Materials and Methods: In a quasi experimental study a detector device was manufactured and utilized for correct intubation. In this research 400 patients undergone surgery, had been chosen for testing the device. Their ages varied from 5-75 years old and they had no chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and heart disease. These patients have been generally anesthetized. In all patients the tracheal tube has been placed in esophagus and then immediately in trachea, using the device. The sensitivity of device was evaluated. During the procedure patients, oxygenation was not disturbed. Results: All 400 intubations were performed succesfuly using the device. In this study using air flow out of lungs, intubation was done successfuly. So the devices, sensitivity was 100%. By a professional the mean time for intubation using this device was 5 seconds, and it,s price was 1000 Rials. Conclusion: Regarding the results, it seems the device is useful in emergencies and facilitates intubation. This device is cheap and portable and seems to be more useful than other reported devices in determining correctiveness of intratracheal intubation.}, Keywords = {Intubation, Trachea, Esophageus, Detector, Sensitivity}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {50-57}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {EbrahimiFakhar, Hamid Rez}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6801-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6801-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Khaki, Mohsen and Ghavamian, Mostaf}, title = {The Evaluation of Recombinant HBS.Ag Vaccine Immunity in Vaccinated Medical Group and Hospital Personnel in Borujerd, 2004}, abstract ={Introduction: Hepatitis B is a disseminated liver inflammation from HBV, that causes diseases and a large number of deaths. Regarding the fact that some of the vaccinated people are non responder (NR), evaluation of immunity in vaccinated ones and identification of NR especially in high risk group is necessary. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study blood samples of all medical students of Borujerd Azad university at the age of 18-25 and vaccinated personnel of Borujerd Shariaty hospital were tested for Anti.HBS-Ab level by ELISA method with Radim kit (cat.KHB31). Results were analyzed according to the number of received vaccines, the duration of vaccination and demographic criteria using descriptive statistics. Results: About 90% of samples had protective immunity and 10% were NR. 8% of immune group had more than 1000, 17.2 % between 500-1000 and 74.8 % between 10-500 miu/ml of Ab titer. About 75% of immune samples had received two vaccines. In NR group 53% had received three vaccines and 47% had two. 4% of samples were immune with the duration less than one month after vaccination which 85 % of them had two vaccines. Conclusion: Herd immunity was 90% which is accordant to most studies. In some studies with different results the effective criteria were not differentiated. So regarding these differences, vaccinated people are recommended to evaluate their HBS.Ab level.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis B surface antigen, Immunity, Recombinant vaccine, Medical personnel}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {9-14}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {KhaliliNajafAbadi, Mohsen and JalaliNodoshen, Mohammad Reza and Sahraee, Hedayat and Noroozzadeh, Ali}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6799-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6799-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Zamanzad, Behnam and Shirzad, Hedayat alah and Naseri, Faranak}, title = {Comparison of the causative bacteria and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of nosocomial and community- acquired urinary tract pathogens in 13-35 years old women, Shahrekord, 2004}, abstract ={Introduction: Treatment of urinary tract infections(UTIs), as one of the most common nosocomial and community acquired infections, has remained an important medical problem. Differentiation between susceptibility patterns of nosocomial and community acquired pathogens is important epidemiologically and helps the administration of appropriate antimicrobial drugs. The goal of this study was isolation of the most common causative bacteria, in two groups of 13-35 years old women in Shahrekord city within 6 months period(April-September 2004). Also, the resistance patterns of common isolated organisms in these two groups were compared. Materials and Methods: This is an analythical-cross sectional study. 100 urine samples from women aged 13-35 years old hospitalized in different wards of Hajar and Kashani hospitals(group one) with positive urine cultures were obtained performing clean-catch midstream method. Also 100 urine samples from 13-35 years old women with positive urine culture and acute UTI symptoms from Shahrekord private laboratory (group two) were obtained. The most common causative bacteria in the two groups and the antibacterial sensitivity patterns of isolated organisms were evaluated. Data was analysed using T test. Results: Totally, the most common nosocomial UTI pathogens were E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter spp. In group two, E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Citrobacter spp. were isolated predominantly. The highest bacterial resistance rate belonged to Ampicillin and Co-trimoxazole. Antibiotics useful in treatment of nosocomial UTI were Ceftizoxim, Nitrofurantoin, Nalidixic acid, Cephalothin and Gentamicin respectively. Nitrofurantoin, Nalidixic acid, Ceftazidim, Gentamicin and Cephalothin were the most effective antibiotics in community acquired UTIs. Conclusion: The emergence of pathogens with alarming rates of resistance, highlights the need for a more rationalized and restricted use of antibiotics in order to minimize the spread of resistant bacterial strains.}, Keywords = {Community acquired UTI, nosocomial UTI, antimicrobial resistance}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {23-30}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Sofian, Masoumeh}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {31-38}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6800-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6800-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Nazem, Masoud and Goharian, Vahid and Davari, Heydarali and Jafari, Mohammad and EbrahimBabaie, Mahtab}, title = {Injection of Beliomycin as a primary treatment of cystic hygroma}, abstract ={Introduction: Cystic hygroma is a disorder in lymphatic vessel formation that involves the adjacent organs and can affect them due to its fast growing nature . The main treatment for cystic hygroma is surgical intervention that can have many complications after surgery. Treatments other than surgical interventions is the use of sclerosing agents. The goal of this study is to analyze the effect of Beliomycin in treating cystic hygroma . Materials and Methods: This quasi experimental study was carried out clinically at st-al Zahra and Kashanie hospitals of Isfahan from 1372 to 1383. A checklist including age, sex, cyst location, cystic hygroma volume before and after Beliomycin injection and/or surgery, was completed for each patient. Data was analyzed by T and paired T-Tests. p<0.05 was considered meaningful. Results:The study was carried out on 72 patients. 24 patients were treated with Beliomycin and 48 patient by surgery. Patients age was below 1 month up to 18 years old . Cystic hygroma was mainly located at neck region(46.8%). The average size of cystic hygroma was 103.9±29.66cm3 before Beliomycin injection and 34.91 16.19cm3 after that (p=0.004). and 43.511±7.81cm3 before surgery and 1.39±1.39 cm3 after that(p=0.006). The rate of recurrence of lymphingoma in the surgery treated group was 25.1% and in the group treated with Beliomycin was 29.2% with no significant difference. Conclusion: Regarding the considerable decrease in cyst volume after Beliomycin injection and it,s low complication compared to surgery, this method can be used as a primary treatment or supplementary to surgery.}, Keywords = {Cystic hygroma, treatment, Beliomycin, surgery}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {39-45}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Naghavi, Mosen and RezaiAshtiani, Ali akbar and Sheikholeslam, Robabeh and Tashakori, Naghmeh and Hajforoush, Sepideh and Azizi, Fereydu}, title = {Evaluation of iodine sufficiency in school children of Markazi province, 2001}, abstract ={  Introduction: Markazi province was one of the regions with endemic goiter in Iran. Following initiation of iodine deficiency control program in 1989, production, distribution and consumption of iodized salt begun. This survey was conducted in the frame work of national monitoring survey in 2001 to find the prevalence of goiter and urinary iodine level in order to evaluate the iodine status of school age children in Markazi province.   Materials and Methods: 1200 school children (600 boys and 600 girls), aged 7-10 years, were selected randomly from all regions of Markazi province. The grade of Goiter was determined according to WHO classification and urinary iodine content was estimated using the digestion method in one tenth of the these children. Data was analyzed using T, Chi square and Pearson tests.   Results: Total Goiter rate was 4.4% (4.4% in girls and 4.4% in boys). Urinary iodine median was 16.7 µg/dl. Urinary iodine was above 10 µg/dl in 81.2% and less than 5 µg/dl in 9.2% of samples. No one had urinary iodine below 2 µg/dl.   Conclusion: It is concluded that the rate of Goiter in Markazi province has decreased significantly since 1986 and urinary iodine levels in school children are indicative of adequate iodine intake. Therefore Markazi province can be considered as an “iodine deficiency free” zone.  }, Keywords = {Iodine deficiency, Goiter, urinary iodine}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {46-53}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Norouzi, Afsaneh and Talebi, Hushang and Jahani, Farzaneh}, title = {The comparison of Dexamethasone and Metoclopramide effects on postoperative nausea and vomiting}, abstract ={Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common problems in postoperative period. Patients' who are at high risk of PONV, may receive anti-nausea and vomiting drugs. The most common drug is Metoclopramide, but it,s extrapiramidal signs and side effects such as lethargy, dizziness and headache especially in children lead us to perform this study, in order to compare Dexamethasone and Metoclopramide effects in PONV prevention. Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. 262 patients (2-25 years) in ASA class I,II which were candidates for ENT, eye and laparatomy surgeries, divided into two groups randomly. One group received 0.1 mg/kg Dexamethasone IV and the other group received 0.1mg/kg Metoclopramide IV, 10-15 minuets before operation ending time. During recovery, the frequency of PONV was assessed. Data was analyzed by Pearson test. Results: PONV frequency in the two groups had no significant difference. Also PONV rate in the two groups had no significant difference in male and female. Conclusion: In prevention and treatment of PONV, Dexamethasone effect was same as Metoclopramide. Considering low expense, avalibility and low side effects, Dexamethasone is a proper substitute for Metoclopramide in surgeries with high risk of PONV.}, Keywords = {Postoperative nausea and vomiting, Dexamethasone, Metoclopramide}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {54-60}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Ayati, Sedigheh and VahidRodsari, Fatemeh}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6791-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6791-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Baghinia, Mahmood Reza and Safari, Abolfazl and Akhondzadeh, Afsaneh and Ebrahimi, Mahmoo}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-13}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6792-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6792-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Palizvan, Mohammad Reza and Khademi, Shadi and Ghaznavirad, Ehsanollah}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-21}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6793-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6793-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {DeilamiAsl, Abdolhossein and FarhadiMoftakhar, Akram and ZareSorKali, Fereshteh and Sharifian, Mahmoo}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {22-29}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6794-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6794-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Shirzad, Hedayatollah and Shahabi, Ghorban Ali and Zamanzad, Behnam and Rafieean, Mahmoo}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {30-37}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6795-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6795-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Noroozi, Afsaneh and Talebi, Hoshang and Jahani, Farzaneh}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {38-43}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6796-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6796-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Nasimi, Ali and Yousefi, Sadegh}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-50}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6797-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6797-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Parvin and Asadi, Fariba and Sobhani, Amir}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {52-58}, publisher = {Arak University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6798-en.html}, eprint = {http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6798-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-5338}, eissn = {2008-644X}, year = {2005} }