Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
The Evolution of Hepatitis C Treatment
1
6
FA
Masoomeh
Sofian
Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
ma_sofian@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-8564-3659
Hepatitis C is one of the important causes of liver disease in the world. It seems that HCV will emerge as the leading cause of viral hepatitis-related advanced liver diseases and death in the near future. There are approximately 71 million chronically infected individuals worldwide, many of whom are unaware of their infection (1).
It has been estimated that the prevalence of HCV in the Iranian general population is less than 0.5%. In Iran, the average prevalence of HCV is among thalassemia patients (16.6%), hemophilia patient (54%), individuals under dialysis (8.3%) and among injection drug users (51.4 percent).
After screening of blood donors for HCV in Iran, the burden of HCV infection decreased significantly in hemophilia, thalassemia and patients on hemodialysis. Unfortunately, injecting illicit drugs still continues to be a major source of infection in Iran (2, 3).
Iran has the lowest prevalence for HCV infection in the Middle East. Countries such as Pakistan and Azerbaijan with high prevalence of HCV infection are neighbors of Iran (2).
The main populations at risk of HCV infection in Iran include intravenous drug users (IDUs) followed by people with tattoos, use of common razor, multi partner, homosexuality, receiving blood, and patients on hemodialysis (2).
Clinical care for patients with hepatitis c infection has advanced considerably thanks to an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and because of developments in diagnostic procedures and improvement in therapy and prevention, and HCV elimination has been considered by the World Health Organization till 2030 (2,3).
Screening and treating patients is necessary to eradicate HCV, So, EIA test is used for initial screening and detecting antibody against hepatitis C. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) using serum, plasma, finger stick, whole blood or saliva as matrices can be used for initial screening. If anti-HCV antibodies are detected, the presence of HCV RNA or alternatively HCV core antigen in serum or plasma should be determined to identify patients with ongoing infection. Although the sensitivity of the core antigen assay is less than HCV RNA assay, but because of low cost and good sensitivity, it is a valuable test for HCV. The positive Anti HCV by EIA and negative PCR may be occurred by following reasons: 1-false positive 2-spontaneous viral clearance 3- treatment –induced viral clearance, 4- low levels of virus DNA in the Blood that is not determined by PCR. Following spontaneous or treatment –induced viral clearance, anti HCV antibodies may be persist lifelong. Thus, the follow of treated patient use of PCR or core Ag is necessary (1). HCV has a high rate of genetic heterogeneity (1-7 genotype), therefore, no vaccine to prevent this infection today. Genotype 1a and 3a are the most prevalent genotypes in Iran. HCV reinfection can occur after spontaneous or treatment induced viral clearance, essentially if patient at high risk of infection and re exposure (4).
Strategies to promote diagnosis, screening, and treatment should be targeted to high-risk groups rather than the general population. Annual screening is recommended for Individuals with a history of injecting illicit drug. In the past, treatment of HCV was interferon and ribavirin for 24 to 48 weeks. This treatment regimen associated with low response to treatment, high drug complication and high drug cost. In 2011, protease inhibitors, the first generation of DAAs (Telaprevir and Boceprevir), were emerged as the third component of the standard of care. These drugs had a lot of complications such as drug-drug interactions, severe skin rashes/pruritus and anemia. In 2013, Sofosbuvir, a new DAA, was introduced for treatment of HCV infection. SOF-containing regimens had a shorter duration of therapy, with fewer side effects in comparison with protease inhibitor-based triple therapy (5).
At present, in Iran, the basis of treatment is sofosbovir 400 milligram that combined with second drug daclatasvir (60 mg) or velpatasvir in pan genotype and or ledipasvir (90 mg) in genotype 1a. These drugs exist in separated or combination form with different brand names. In fact, the patient with hepatitis C in both treatment-naive and non-cirrhotic, taking a combination pill daily for 12 weeks associated with high treatment response. However, in cirrhotic patients or patients with previous treatment experience, treatment prolongs 24 weeks or ribavirin (1000 -1200 mg, 5-6 200mg tablets) is added to 12 weeks of treatment according patient weight. Accurate assessment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is essential for predicting prognosis and for planning treatment duration and adding RBV to the standard therapy of patients with chronic HCV infection. So, percutaneous liver biopsy or elastography non-invasive methods have been considered as the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis. If biopsy or elastography not available, platelet count, liver sonography and liver enzyme level is helpful for determination of liver fibrosis (6).
In EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2018, other drugs of DAAs like pibrentasvir, glecaprevir, elbatasvir and grazoprevir are recommended. Also 8, 16 and 28 weeks of treatments are suggested in special cases and treatment without sofosbovir is mentioned (1).
Determination of viral load by quantitative PCR and genotyping of HCV recommend before the treatment, if viral load and genotyping is not available, qualitative PCR without genotyping is sufficient for treatment with pan genotyping drugs (1, 5).
New treatments are free-INF and these drugs have low cost and low adverse effect (5, 7). Todays, HCV is treated very simply by consuming only one pill daily for 12 weeks. Sustained viral response (SVR) that defined negative PCR 12-24 weeks after discontinuing treatment occurred in more than 90% of patients (1, 4). In patients with cirrhosis, despite SVR, sonography of liver and αFP level test for screening of liver malignancy is recommended every 6 months (1).
It seems that the best strategy for HCV prevention in the community is increasing case finding and therapy with the ultimate goal of stopping the vicious cycle in the community. Todays, there is no vaccine for HCV prevention yet. The incidence of HCV infection should be reduced by providing safe blood transfusion and medical procedures in hospitals and out-patient clinics, increasing people awareness and public education regarding the risks of exposure such as unsafe tattooing and unsafe sexual contacts and finally implementation of harm reduction for IDUs (1, 5).
Elimination, Hepatitis, Treatment.
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5899-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5899-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
Bioinformatic Screening of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E1 and E2 Inhibitor(S) from Phyllanthus Emblica and Ficus Religiosa
7
20
FA
Komeil
Amini
Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
komail.amini@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-7500-8187
Kamran
Mansouri
Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
kmansouri@kums.ac.ir
Y
0000-0002-0314-8735
Background and Aim: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prevalent, life-threatening disease and cause of cancer among women. Therefore, in recent years, developing novel anti-HPV agents is highly regarded. The study was planned to bioinformatic screening for E1 and E2 potential inhibitors of HPV serotypes including 16,18,31,33 and 45 types from medicinal plants.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study. In the first step, three-dimension structure of phytochemicals were retrieved from PubChem database and then the cell cytotoxicity and mutagenesis potential of them were evaluated. In the next step, the amino acid sequences of two key proteins of mentioned types of HPV including E1 and E2 were obtained from Uniprot database. Furthermore, the conserved and variable regions of the protein sequences were predicted using multiple sequence alignment method. Finally, the three-dimension structure of mentioned proteins was determined by homology modeling method and potential interactions of the phytochemicals with the proteins were investigated using molecular docking method through Autodock 4.2.6 software.
Findings: The results demonstrated that ursolic acid has no cytotoxicity and mutagenesis potential with appropriate physicochemical properties. Results also showed that mentioned compound had strong interaction with both E1 and E2 of all studied serotypes. Furthermore, the evaluation of ursolic acid and E1 and E2 interactions showed that amino acid is involved in conserved regions of mentioned serotypes.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results of present study ursolic acid could be good candidate for more in vitro and in vivo studies of its anti HPV activity.
Bioinformatic screening, Human papillomavirus, Medicinal plant, Ursolic acid
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5667-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5667-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
The Role of Caloric Restriction on Lipid Coat Proteins Gene Expression and Insulin Resistance after 8 Weeks High Caloric Diet in Male Rats
21
31
FA
Mohsen
Salesi
Department of Exercise Physiology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
N
0000-0002-6829-8611
Mohammad
Mehrtash
Department of Exercise Physiology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
m_mehrtash_67@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-2610-7805
Farhad
Daryanoosh
Department of Exercise Physiology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
N
0000-0001-6961-886X
Nader
Tanide
Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
N
0000-0001-9282-1778
Background and Aim: Excessive fat accumulation is one of the most important mechanisms of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Accordingly, in this study, we will examine the effect of caloric restriction on lipid coat proteins that prevent lipolysis of the adipose tissue.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 weight) were used. First, rats were divided into 2 groups (standard and high-calorie diet). After 8 weeks, the high-calorie diet group was randomly assigned to two subgroups: caloric restriction and high-fat diet. Finally, the amount of perilipin 1 and 5 genes expression evaluated by Pcr and insulin resistance evaluated by HOMA index.
Findings: The weight and insulin resistance of the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the standard and calorie restriction group (p≤0.005). Insulin resistance was not significantly different between the caloric restriction and standard group (p = 0.394). The expression of perilipin 1 in the adipose tissue of the high-fat diet was significantly higher than the caloric restriction group (p ≤0.005). The expression of perilipin 1 gene in skeletal muscle in the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the calorie restriction and standard diet groups (p≤0.005). The calorie restriction group had more perilipin 5 expressions than the high-fat diet and the standard group (p ≤0.005).
Conclusion: The caloric restriction may be due to the effect on lipid coat proteins and, as a result, a decrease in fat accumulation, that it can prevent insulin resistance.
Calorie restriction, Insulin resistance, Lipid coat proteins, Perilipin 1 and 5
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5604-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5604-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
Effects of Vitamin E plus Omega-3 Supplementation on Inflammatory Factors, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Pregnancy Consequences in Women with Gestational Diabetes
32
41
FA
Mehri
Jamilian
Department of Gynecology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
mjamilian@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-5740-5637
Nazanin
Ravanbakhsh
Department of Gynecology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
ravanbakhsh.nazanin@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-5070-8520
Background and Aim: We are aware of no study that examined the effects of vitamin E plus omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin E plus omega-3 supplementation on insulin metabolism and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women with gestational diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 women with GDM. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 400 IU vitamin E plus 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acid supplements (n=30) or placebo (n=30) for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at study baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention to quantify biochemical variables.
Findings: Vitamin E plus omega-3 fatty acid supplementation led to a significant rise in plasma total antioxidant capacity (+187.5±224.9 vs. -32.5±136.1 mmol/L, p<0.001) and a significant decrease in MDA levels (-0.1±0.9 vs. +0.6±1.4 µmol/L, p=0.04) compared with placebo. Furthermore, a significant increase in plasma NO levels (+5.0±7.7 vs. -12.0±28.0 µmol/L, p=0.002) was seen after vitamin E plus omega-3 fatty acid supplementation compared with the placebo.
Conclusion: Vitamin E plus omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in GDM women had beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
GDM, Inflammation, Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, Oxidative stress, Vitamin E
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5638-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5638-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
The Assessment of the Theory of Planned Behavior Structures on Nutritional Prophylactic Treatment of Anemia in Pregnant Women of Arak City in 2018
42
52
FA
Zahra
Jahangiri
Department of Health Education, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
zahrajahangiri86@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-5350-8762
Mohsen
Shamsi
Department of Health Education, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
dr.shamsi@arakmu.ac.ir
Y
0000-0003-4033-8041
Mahboobeh
Khorsandi
Department of Health Education, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
khorsandi.mahboobeh@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-1680-5124
Rahmatollah
Moradzadeh
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
moradzadehr@yahoo.com
N
0000-0003-4952-3454
Background and Aim: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to assess the theory of planned behavior structures on nutritional prophylactic treatment of anemia in pregnant women of Arak city in 2018.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 199 pregnant women in Arak city using simple random sampling in 2018. The data were gathered with valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information and the theory of planned behavior structures. The study was conducted to determine the most important predictive constructs of pregnant womens’ behavior using a multivariate linear regression model.
Findings: The finding showed that mean age of mothers was 28.81 ± 5.1 years and the mean weekly gestation was 28.04 ± 8.9 weeks and the gestational interval with previous pregnancy was 5.18 ± 3.9 years. Mean±standard deviation of attitude score (3.61 ± 0.62), subjective norm (3.60 ± 0.74), perceived behavior control (3.50 ± 0.58), behavioral intention (3.49 ± 0.61), performance (3.55 ± 0.76) and awareness (0.57±0.2) were observed. Linear regression model showed that the performance score of pregnant women improved for each unit of attitude and subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, respectively, by 0.463, 0.343 and 0.347, respectively.
Conclusion: The results emphasize the provision of educational programs on the prevention of anemia in pregnant women with an emphasis on attitudinal structures, mental norm, and perceived behavioral control. It is suggested that at the time of designing interventions to improve the prevention of anemia in pregnancy, the structures of the theory of planned behavior should be considered.
Attitude, Performance, Theory of planned behavior
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5630-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5630-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
Prediction of Juvenile Delinquency based on Individual Vulnerability and the Risk Opportunity in the Family, Peers, School and Neighborhood in High Schools in Tehran
53
61
FA
Mojtaba
Habibi
Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Habibi.m@iums.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-5011-2823
Nikzad
Ghanbari
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
nikzad.ghanbari@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-9012-8600
Moloud
Sivandian
Department of Psychology, Farabi Campus of University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.
moloudsivandian@ut.ac.ir
Y
0000-0001-9477-1882
Hanieh
Mahdizadeh Hanjani
Department of Counseling, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Hanieh.mh@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-4891-6558
Background and Aim: Present study was conducted to investigate the prediction of juvenile delinquency based on individual vulnerability and the risk opportunity in the family, peers, school and neighborhood in high schools in Tehran
Materials and Methods: This is a coss-sectional study. The statistical population of this study included all the female and male students of 20 districts of Tehran who were studying in high school during the academic year 2013-2014. The sample size of the study was 1847 individuals (946 (51.2%) girls and 901 (48.8%) boys). The sampling was performed in a multi-stage cluster method due to the extent of the population, and the participants of this study completed the socio-mental protective and risk factors and behaviors scale. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, stepwise method, and SPSS-24 statistical software.
Findings: Results of present study showed that among predictor variables, risk opportunity/availability (B=0.67, t=13.28, p<0.001), vulnerability/family (B=0.37, t=8.57, p<0.001), and vulnerability/school (B=1.14, t=6.7, p<0.001) have significant prediction effect on adjusted index of adolescents’ delinquent behavior, also adolescent boys do more delinquent behavior than girls (t (1823) =4.82, p<0. 01).
Conclusion: This study showed that the individual vulnerability and risk opportunity in the family, peers, school and neighborhood predict delinquent behavior in adolescents. So, it is necessary to take preventive measures and interventions for this age group, risk factors should be considered at individual, school and family levels.
Family, Juvenile delinquency, Neighborhood, Peer group, School, Vulnerable population
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5587-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5587-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
Evaluation the Cytotoxic Effect of Laser (Diode 830 nm) on the Survival of Antibiotic Resistant Enterococci Clinical Isolates in Laboratory Conditions
62
68
FA
Rahimeh
Khavari
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
N
0000-0003-0803-9818
Mohammad
Rezaei
Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
N
0000-0003-0803-9818
Neda
Soleimani
Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
n_soleimani@sbu.ac.ir
Y
0000-0003-0803-9818
Reza
Massudi
Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
N
0000-0003-0803-9818
Background and Aim: Enterococci are among the microbial flora in human and animals digestive tract. The nosocomial pathogenicity of enterococci has emerged in recent years. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a diode laser with a wavelength of 810nm and a power of 30mw at 180s on the survival of an antibiotic resistant enterococci.
Materials and Methods: 30 clinical isolates of enterococcus bacteria were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics according to diffusion method. 10 isolates with the highest antibiotic resistance were selected and diode laser with a wavelength of 810nm and a power of 30mw for 180s were beamed on them and investigated.
Findings: The Results of our antibiotic susceptibility test showed that among 30 isolates resistant to antibiotic enterococci, 27 isolates (90%) were resistant to Oxacillin antibiotics. The results of the diode laser radiation showed that the lowest survival rate of the intended isolates was at 810nm and 30mw for 180s (0.58%).
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the antibacterial effect of the diode laser is at 810nm and 30mw for 180s. Therefore, it is recommended to use a 810nm diode laser to eliminate clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant enterococci.
Antibiotics resistance, Diode laser, Enterococcus
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5534-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5534-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
Association of Lumber Disk Herniation with Serum Zinc Level
69
76
FA
Mohsen
Dalvandi
Department of Neurosurgery. Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, IR, Iran.
dalvandi.m@yahoo.com
N
0000-0003-3873-9583
Hyder
Farahani
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, IR, Iran.
farahaniheidar@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0003-0031-5128
Ramin
Safari Rad
Arak Medical Science University, I.R. Iran
Link-ram@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-7632-1116
Background and Aim: Low Back Pain is one of the most common complains of Human societies. LDH (Lumber Disk Herniation) is one of the relatively common causes of Low Back Pain. This study aimed to assay serum zinc cofactor in patients compared to healthy group.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients which were diagnosed as a "known case of LDH" by the specialist and based on tests were chosen by simple selection method (30 men and 30 women). Also, 57 people were chosen as a control group (29 men and 28 women). measurement was done based on single reagent direct calorimetric method using the kit made by "Ziestchem diagnostics company, Iran".
Findings: Total, 117 objects were observed in case and control groups. Serum zinc level was measured in all of them. Obtained results were analyzed by Student t-test, and ꭕ2, by using SPSS software with the confidence interval of 95 percent. Results showed that 21.7% of patients with LDH were having high physical activity and 36.7% having low physical activity.
Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the mean serum zinc levels in patients with LDH compared to control group. Decrement in serum zinc may be considered as an distruption factor in the activity of enzymes involved in proteins biosynthesis.
Lumbar disk herniation, Serum , Zinc
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5740-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5740-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
Evaluation the Effect of Saffron Aqueous Extract on Oxidative Stress Parameters and Important Biochemical Enzymes of Liver Tissue in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
77
87
FA
Farzaneh
Rooshenas
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
roshenas@shirazu.ac.ir
N
0000-0003-0464-2345
Mahboobeh
Ashrafi
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
mashrafi@shirazu.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-5228-8446
Saeed
Nazifi
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
nazifi@shirazu.ac.ir
Y
0000-0002-5501-1028
Mahmoud
Aminlari
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
aminlari@shirazu.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-5872-6363
Sara
Talebanzadeh
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
talebanzadeh@shirazu.ac.ir
N
0000-0003-1608-0888
Background and Aim: Medicinal plants possessing antioxidant activity may reduce oxidative stress and improve the functions of various organs that affected by hyperglycemia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of saffron aqueous extract (SAE) administration to diabetic rats by measuring the oxidative stress parameters and important biochemical enzymes in liver tissue.
Materials and Methods: 72 hours after STZ administration (60 mg/kg body weight), the animals with fasting blood glucose over of 250 mg/dl were considered to be diabetic rats and experimental groups were: control (1), control drug (2), diabetes (3) and diabetes drug (4). The treatment was started on the 7th day after STZ injection with i.p injection of SAE (200mg/kg body weight), five doses and weekly to groups 2 and 4. At the end of the experimental period, biochemical factors were measured after bleeding and harvesting of tissues.
Findings: Results indicated the perturbation in the activity of important liver enzymes in diabetic group (3) and SAE adjusted and normalized their levels activity. In addition, SAE with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes alleviated diabetes induced oxidative stress and thus reduced MDA levels in group 4 compared to group 3.
Conclusion: SAE is not only useful in the controlling of blood glucose, but also has antioxidant potential to protect the liver tissue of diabetic rats against damage caused by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress.
Biochemical and antioxidant enzymes, Diabetes mellitus , Liver, Saffron aqueous extract, Streptozotocin
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5394-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5394-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
The Effect of PPARα Gene Polymorphism on Some Athletic Performances of Non-Athletic 10-12 Year-Old Boys of Marand
88
97
FA
Hamed
Abbasi Soltani
Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Hamed5131@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-6094-0884
Farzad
Zehsaz
Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
f-zehsaz@iaut.ac.ir
Y
0000-0003-0224-3404
Background and Aim: one of the key concepts in physical education and sport science is the process of talent identification. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of PPARα gene polymorphism on some of the athletic performances of non-athlete 10-12-year-old children.
Materials and Methods: The present project was carried out in the form of semi-experimental and field-based research with salivary sampling. To determine the polymorphism of the genes, the methods used included saliva sampling, salvary DNA extraction and PCR-RFLP method and exercise tests included the Shuttle run, standing broad jump and 20m sprint. Our subjects consisted of 118 non-athletic healthy boys of Marand from 10 to 12 years old. After comparison with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, frequency of genotype was tested with Leven, Fisher and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Using one-way covariance analysis, the mean group phenotypes was compared with each other. Type of polymorphism as a predestine variable and the athletic performances of 20m shuttle run, standing broad jump and 20m sprint test were considered as the criterion variable. All analyzes were performed by SPSS 22.
Findings: The results showed that the subjects with PPARα gene GG polymorphism had better performance in the endurance tests than subjects with CC and GC polymorphism.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that GG polymorphism is related to the endurance activities, but CC and GC polymorphisms do not have a particular predominance in the endurance, speed and power activities.
Athletic performance, Genetic predisposition, Genotype, Non-athlete, PPARα gene polymorphism
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5651-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5651-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
Survey the Role and Effect of Some Antibiotic Resistance in the Spread of Pathogenic Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Different Clinical Specimens
98
109
FA
Hamid
Motamedi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
hamidmotamedi90@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-9991-9193
Shahnaz
Dehbashi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
sanazdehbashi@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-9991-3194
Hamed
Tahmasebi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
h.tahmasebi87@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-9992-8192
Mohammad Reza
Arabestani
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
mohammad.arabestani@gmail.com
Y
0000-0001-9991-8193
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) has many pathogens. Antibiotic resistance may increase the invasion of this bacterium. The aim of this study was to determine the role and effect of some antibiotic resistance in the spread of pathogenic strains of S.aureus in different clinical specimens.
Materials and Methods: 95 clinical isolates of S.aureus were collected from different clinical specimens. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by Disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) for 6 different classes. Identification of adhesion agent genes in isolated isolates was performed using Multiplex-PCR and specific primers. For analysis of the results, GraphPad Prism version 6 and ꭕ2 statistical sampling was used. p≤0.05 was considered significant.
Findings: Of 95 isolates of S.aureus, 29 isolates (30.52%) were resistant to methicillin, 12 isolates (12.63%), resistant to clindamycin, 48 isolates (50.52%), resistant to gatyfloxacin, 88 (92.63%) isolates resistant to gentamicin, 57 (60%) isolates resistant to erythromycin and 79 isolates (83.15%) were resistant to tetracycline. fnbA genes were isolated in 14 isolates (14.73%), fnbB in 29 isolates (30.52%), fib in 21 isolates (22.10%), clfA in 17 isolates (17.89%) and clfB in 19 isolates (20%). There was a significant correlation between resistance to macular antibiotics, tetracycline, beta-lactam, lacosamide, aminoglycoside and pathogens.
Conclusion: The adhesion factors in S.aureus possibly cause some structural changes and cause resistance to various antibiotic classes.
Adhesion factors, Antimicrobial resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, Virulence factors
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5647-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5647-en.pdf
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences
1735-5338
2008-644X
21
5
2018
10
1
Existential Philosophy of the Immune System: Defense or Homeostasis?
110
120
FA
Ali
Ghazavi
Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
N
0000-0002-4219-9594
Ali
Ganji
Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
N
0000-0002-2632-9889
Mohsen
Khaki
Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
N
0000-0002-9625-5598
Ghasem
Mosayebi
Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
ghasemmosayebi@arakmu.ac.ir
Y
0000-0003-3877-0783
Background and Aim: There are two philosophies about the origin of the immune system, defense and homeostasis. In this article, the existential philosophy of the immune system was reviewed, in which the defense role is only part of its homeostasis functions.
Materials and Methods: The Medline was searched for terms such as “Homeostasis”، “Immunculus”، “Natural autoantibody” “Evaluation” and “Immune system”.
Findings: Hemostasis is the most important part of immune regulation and the existential philosophy of this system, so that its defensive role is only part of homeostasis functions. Natural antibodies play this role as immune reflection by showing qualitative and quantitative changes in the antigenic composition of the body. Therefore, the level of natural antibodies can also serve as a prognostic marker.
Conclusion: Although many improvements have been made in explaining the hemostatic role of the immune system, many studies have to be conducted to identify its particular aspects.
Defense, Homeostasis, Immunculus, Natural autoantibody
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5863-en.html
http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5863-en.pdf