46 1735-5338 Arak University of Medical Sciences 2724 General Study the Quality of Life among Elderly Women in Arak in 2013 Hekmatpou Davood b Jahani Farzaneh c Behzadi Fatemeh d b Arak university of medical sciences c Arak University of Medical Sciences, Basij Sq., Arak, Iran d Arak university of medical sciences 1 5 2014 17 2 1 8 25 12 2013 26 02 2014 Background: The growing elderly population in Iran and the association of aging with the high prevalence of physical and mental disorders have increased the necessity of determining quality of life of this age group. The quality of life of elderly women is affected by several factors due to their vulnerability. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the quality of life of elderly women in Arak. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 271 elderly women who lived in Arak in 2013 using classified sampling. Data were obtained via general QOL (SF-36) questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 67.5±7.02 years. The mean (±SD) total scores of SF-36, mental health, and physical health dimensions were 50.22±18.39, 58.54±19.38, and 46.35±20.82, respectively. The mean (±SD) score of eight dimensions of QOL were: general health 45.52±10.79, social function 56.58±24.94, physical pain 47.60±28.27, physical function 51.46±27.05, physical limitation 38.10±42.67, emotional problems 46.22±42.11, vitality 50.16±19.09, and mental health 58.54±19.38. There were significant difference between QOL, marriage, and income (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the quality of life in this study was average and some factors, such as education, income, marriage, and residential situation, have a direct influence on QOL.
2608 Basic Sciences Association of Interleukin-18)-607A/C) Gene Polymorphism with Allergic Rhinitis in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari Province Ramazi Shahin e Motovalibashi Majid f Hashemzade chaleshtori Morteza g Khazraei Hamidreza h e Department of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan f Department of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan g Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran h Department of Otolaryngology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 9 16 03 11 2013 05 03 2014 Background: Allergy is regarded as a multifactorial condition that its onset and severity are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Hence, identification of genetic factors involved in allergic rhinitis development and its related phenotypes is a major task in understanding the genetic background of allergic rhinitis. This study was designed to examine the association between IL-18 -607 A/C promoter polymorphism on chromosome 11q22 and allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods: In this analytic study, genomic DNA was obtained from the blood samples of 293 patients with allergic rhinitis and 218 healthy controls by standard phenol chloroform method. The IL-18/-607 A/C polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. To analyze the association between genotypes and alleles and the disease in the case group compared with the control group, X2 test was used. Results: The frequency of the AC genotype of the IL-18/-607 A/C gene polymorphism was significantly greater in allergic rhinitis patients than in controls (p<0.05). By comparing the frequency of AA genotype with other genotypes, OR was calculated as 2.03. Conclusion: The results suggest that IL-18/-607 A/C polymorphism gene may be one of the factors participating in the pathogenesis of AR or its intermediary phenotypes. 2659 General Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Iranian Snake (Naja Naja Oxiana) Venom According to the Kidney Indices in Rabbit Zaree mirakabadi Abbas i Angaji Abdolhamid j Hooshmandi Adele k i Department of Antivenin and Venomous Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran j Department of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran k Department of Cellular and Moleclar Biology, College of Biosciences, Kharazmi University,Square of University, Hesarak, Karaj, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 17 23 26 11 2013 05 03 2014 Background: One of the acute effects of snakebite is injury to vital organs including kidneys. This study examines the effects of snake (Najanajaoxiana) venom on renal function. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, six male Dutch rabbits with average weight of 1.5± 0.3 kg were selected. Before injection of the venom, blood samples were collected for serum analysis and then the snake (Najanajaoxiana) venom (140µg/kg) was injected intramuscularly. Following venom injection, blood sampling from each rabbit was carried out at hours 1, 3, and 24. All serum samples were separated within two hours and the amounts of creatinine, urea, albumin, and glucose were determined by quantitative detection kits. Statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS software version 21. Obtained information was compared by one-way ANOVA and F and Tukey tests. p value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Following venom injection at hours 1, 3, and 24, some serum parameters showed slight changes which were not statistically significant. However, glucose showed a significant increase (71%) at hour 1 (p<0.05). Following venom injection, this returned to normal at hour 24. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in the present study, it seems that the Najanajaoxiana venom, unlike the viper species, have no severe effects on the kidney. 2731 Basic Sciences The Effects of 4G/5G Polymorphism of PAI-1 Gene in Iranian Patients with Schizophrenia Sadeghifard Vida l Ebrahimi Ahmad m Aghasadeghi Mohamamd Reza n Sadat Seyed Mehdi o l Islamic Azad University of Ahar, Ahar, Iran m Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences of SMBU, Tehran, Iran n Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran o Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 24 32 30 12 2013 05 03 2014 Background: Schizophrenia is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, which affects approximately 1% of the world population. It is a multifactorial and a highly heritable disease to which genetic factors contribute up to approximately 80%. Nowadays, multitude of genes have been discovered that relate to this disorder mostly by affecting the performance and levels of neurotransmitters in neural systems. Since PAI-1 is a considerable gene in the performance of neural systems, the present study dealt with the relationship between -675 4G/5G polymorphism in PAI-1 gene and schizophrenia among Iranian patients. Materials and  Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 106 blood samples collected from individuals suffering from schizophrenia and 122 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from the samples and the frequency of the polymorphisms was analyzed using ARMS-PCR method. Finally, the products were detected on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The analysis of the data for -675 4G/5G polymorphism showed that 17.9% of the patients and 1.6% of the controls were mutant homozygous and 65.1% of the patients and 45.9% of controls were heterozygous. Also, 17% of the patients and 52.5% of the controls were normal homozygous. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and the incidence of schizophrenia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Iran that assesses the frequency of the polymorphism among Iranian patients. However, further studies with more samples are necessary. 2697 General Surveying the Inappropriate Drug Adminstrution using Beers Criteria in Elderly Patients at the Internal Medicine Ward of Rasoul-E-Akram Hospital of Tehran in 2012 Talebi Taher Mahshid p Javad Moosavi Seied Ali Taherian Sara Barati Mitra p Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Infectious Disease, Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 33 39 14 12 2013 05 03 2014 Background: Use of inappropriate drugs in the elderly is a major health care concern. It is likely to increase adverse drug reactions and induce a substantial increase in health care costs. The aim of study was to evaluate inappropriate drug use in the elderly. Materials and  Methods: In this cross-sectional study, collecting data were collected from patient’s file for 260 patients aged 60 years who were admitted to Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in 2012. Potentially inappropriate medications were identified based on the 2012 Beers criteria. Results: The mean age of the patients was 75±8.3 years. Overall, 58(22.3%) of the patients were treated with potentially inappropriate medications. The most common inappropriately prescribed medications were benzodiazepines, pethidine, and TCAs. Conclusion: To improve prescription quality in elderly patients in Iran, preparing a scientific criterion or guideline is necessary. 2595 Basic Sciences The Effects of Oxali-Palladium on the Function and Structure of Liver Catalase Gholamian Azam Divsalar Adeleh Eslami Moghadam Mahboubeh Saiedifar Maryam Sabory Ali Akbar Department of Cell and Molecular Biology‚ School of Biology‚ Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology‚ School of Biology‚ Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran Nanotechnology, Material, and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics‚ University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 40 49 26 10 2013 26 02 2014 Background: Catalase is a basic antioxidant enzyme that exits in human organs, mainly in the liver. The liver as a main tissue in the body that plays a substantial role in the catabolism and detoxification of drugs is a target of toxic and carcinogenic effects of many drugs. In the present study, the side effects of an anti-cancer compound of oxali-palladium on the function and structure of liver catalase were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, changes in the enzyme activity were studied by conversion in substrate (hydrogen peroxide) absorption at wavelength of 240 nm, using UV-visible spectroscopy in the absence and presence of different concentrations of oxali-palladium at room temperature. Furthermore, the effect of oxali-palladium on the tertiary structure of catalase was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy via studying the changes in the intrinsic enzyme emission in the absence and presence of different concentrations of oxali-palladiumat at both room and physiologic temperatures. Results: Kinetics data showed that the Km value of bovine liver catalase was 26.8 mM. Moreover, in the presence of different concentrations of oxali-palladium‚ the enzyme activity showed a gradual decrease in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.001). Fluorescence data presented changes in the tertiary structure of the enzyme by quenching fluorescence emission‚ that indicated alteration in protein chromophore environment. Conclusion: It could be concluded that inhibition of catalase enzyme by anticancer drug of oxali-palladium increases the content of reactive oxygen species. Increase in reactive oxygen species values is one of the chief mechanisms of different anticancer drugs. 2690 Basic Sciences Surveying the New Species of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria in the Last 10 Years (2003-2013) and Reviewing Their Clinical Significance Kardan Jalil Kazemian Hossein Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Avenue, Tehran, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 50 63 10 12 2013 20 04 2014 Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis are environmental organisms that are normally found in soil and water. Many of the mycobacterial species that have been described in the past decade are involved in human diseases, especially in patients with AIDS and immunocompromised HIV-negative patients. In this study, pathogenicity and clinical significance of new species of mycobacteria were evaluated. A total of 63 new species of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, recognized in the past ten years (2003-2013), were classified in different Runyon groups. Approximately, 40 isolates were reported to infect human. Of these, 27 (67.5%) were non-chromogenic and 13 (32.5%) were scotochromogenic. The majority of the 40 isolates belong to the slow grower group. Photochromogenic species were not pathogenic to human. The most frequent infections included respiratory infections in elderly people and cervical lymphadenitis in children caused by Mycobacterium kyorinense and Mycobacterium mantenii, respectively. NTM also causes disseminated infections, the most frequent agents of which are M. boenickei, M. houstonense, M. neworleansense, and M. brisbanense in immunocompromised HIV-negative persons. Some of the NTMs, such as Mycobacterium riyadhense, are considered the primary pathogens for human. Considering the progressive spread of HIV co-infected mycobacteria in recent years, accurate identification of these agents’ pathogenicity, drug resistance, and appropriate treatment in epidemic regions, such as Iran, is essential. 2789 Internal Evaluation of the Relationship between Serum Lipid Level (Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL) and APACHE IV Score in ICU Patients Moini Latif Mozafari Abolfazl Peyroshabani Babak Department of Internal Medicine, Amir-al momenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Department of Internal Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran Department of Internal Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 64 72 04 02 2014 05 03 2014 Background: The main purpose of this study was to measure the level of lipids in ICU patients and its clinical outcome, specially the mortality rate and the relationship between level of lipids and APACHE IV score. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 ICU patients. Cholesterol level was measured on the first and second days after admission of patients. This was followed by examination of clinical outcome (e.g. mortality rate) and duration of their real and predicted stay through APACHI IV. The results were analyzed by Pearson correlation using SPSS. Results: Mean serum of HDL, LDL, and cholesterol was lower than normal. These values for the first day were 33.16, 67.97, and 131.38 and for the second day were 23.63, 54.99, and 119.88, respectively. Mean APACH E IV score was 67.72. Result of Pearson correlation coefficient showed significant relationship (p<0.05) between APACHI IV score and cholesterol level of the first and second day, LDL level of the first and second day, HDL level of the second day. Moreover, there were significant relationships were observed between the real mortality rate and the cholesterol level of the first and second days, LDL level of the first and second days, and HDL level of the first day. There was a significant significant correlation between cholesterol level and LDL of the first and second days as well as HDL of the first day and duration of admission in ICU as predicted by APACHI IV. Conclusion: The significant relationship between lipoprotein level of serum and APACHI IV indicates considering serum lipid beside other physiologic parameters for prediction of clinical consequences including mortality rate of ICU patients 2760 Basic Sciences Bioinformatic Evaluation of the MiR-124 Effect on Transcription Factors Involved in Neorogenesis Process Mondanizadeh Mahdieh Mosayebi Ghasem Arefian Ehsan Saidijam Massoud Khansarinejad Behzad Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran . Department of Biology and Microbiology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran Molecular and Medical Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 73 81 19 01 2014 05 03 2014 Background: Although miR-124 molecule has been known as an inducer of neurogenesis, few researches have been done on the targets of this molecule and its functional mechanisms in differentiation toward neurons and maintaining neuronal state. The microarray technique has been established as the reference method for studying the genes under the control of miRNAs. However, the high cost of this method has hampered its use in most research centers. On the other hand, the improvement of bioinformatical algorithms and computer modeling systems has led to the development of the bioinformatical softwares that can predict mRNA targets for miRNAs. Therefore, the aim of this theoretical study was to bioinformatically evaluate the effect of miR-124 on transcription factors that can be involved in neurogenesis and neuronal cell amplification, by using various specific softwares. Materials and Methods: Using different algorithms in TargetScan, DIANA and miRWalk databases, the potential transcription factors targets of miR-124 were identified. Then, a score table was prepared from the candidate genes, based on the affinity of the seed region of miR-124 and the number of targets in the 3`-UTR region of transcription factors. Finally, transcription factors with higher scores were chosen as candidates for practical analysis. Results: The results of bioinformaical analysis showed that the LAMC1, ITGB1, PTBP1, SOX9, SP1, and EFNB1 molecules are the most potential factors that might be affected by miR-124 during neurogenesis. Conclusion: It seems that transcription factor SP1 is under the control of the miR-124 and plays a crucial role in neurogenesis process. Therefore, this protein can be considered as a suitable new candidate for experimental evaluation. 2556 Basic Sciences Investigating the Effects of Fluoxetine on Cortisol and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Rats Hashemi Seyyedeh Sara Jelodar Gholam Ali Rafati Alireza Shiraz Burn Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Department of Pharmacology, Islamic Azad University of Sarvestan, Sarvestan, Iran 1 5 2014 17 2 82 89 02 10 2013 05 03 2014 Background: Fluoxetine or Prozac is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Considering the importance of this drug for the treatment of neurological disorder, such as anorexia and depression its side effects on the endocrine axis of body are of significance. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine on cortisol and thyroid hormone levels and body weight in male rates. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male rats (230±20 gr BW) were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: sham, control and treatment. Rats in the control group were kept in normal conditions in animal house, whereas treatment and sham groups were, respectively, injected 32 mg/kg BW of fluoxetine and 0.9 ml of normal saline (i.p) for 35 days. During this time, body weight of all animal was measured and after 35 days, blood was collected by heart puncture and separation of serums to evaluate T3, T4, fT3, fT4, and cortisol hormones through RIA method. The results were statisticaly evaluated by one-way ANOVA test. Results: Taking fluoxetine for 35 days significantly decreased the level (p;le0.05) in serum concentrations of Ft3, fT4, T4 and cortisol hormones compared to the control and sham groups. However, no significant differences were observed in the serum concentration of T3 hormone in treatment group compared to the the control group. The drug also caused a significant decrease in the average weight of rats in the treatment group compared to the control group (p;le 0.05). Conclusion: By affecting the activity of different levels of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal hormones axis, fluoxetin decreases the level of cortisol hormones. It also reduces the activity of the thyroid gland this is probably due to the increased prolactin secretion through inhibiting TRH secretion and reducing the production of TSH and thyroid hormones