46 1735-5338 Arak University of Medical Sciences 3720 Infection A Study on the Frequency of Fungal Rhinosinusitis and to Determine the Sensitivity of the Isolates to Antifungal Drugs in Shiraz, Iran 2012-2013 Badiei Parisa b Gandomi Behrooz c Sabz Gholam Abbas d Jafarian Hadis e b Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran c Department of Otolaryngology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran d Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran e Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 1 8 26 05 2015 27 05 2015 Background: Fungal spores are present in large amounts in the nature which may cause diseases in the susceptible individuals. Fungal rhinosinusitis has been increased during recent decades. This study aims to investigate fungal rhinosinusitis in the patients with chronic needing endoscopic sinus surgery aims and to determine the sensitivity of the isolates to rhin sinusitis antifungal agents. Materials and Methods: In cross sectional study, specimens were obtained in sterile plates containing normal saline. from the suspected cases of chronic rhinosinusitis who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery. Microscopic experiments and Cultures were done in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the growth of fungi for seven antifungal agents against the isolates was determined using E-Test. Results: In total, specimens from 102 immunocompetent patients were examined. Nine positive specimens were presented, consisting of 3 for Aspergillus fumigatus, 3 for Penicillium, 2 for Aspergillus flavus and 1 for Alternaria. The mean age of the patients was 38 years, with 59 males and 43 females. The isolates were most sensitive to the voriconazole and amphotericin B. Conclusion: Since the prevalence of fungal rhinosinusitis is low, unfortunately, the clinicians are not attentive enough to the condition, and they initiate antifungal therapy if the patients are not responsive to antibiotics. Early diagnosis and suitable treatment can help more efficient management of patients.
3725 General Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and Antibiotic Resistance among Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Patients Admitted to the Burn Unit at Taleghani Hospital in Ahvaz Khorramrooz Seyyed Sajjad f Gharibpour Farzaneh g Parhizgari Najmeh h Yazdanpanah Mahboobeh i Mohammadi Reza j Rahbari Nasim k f Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran g Department of Pathobiology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran h Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran i Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran j Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran k Department of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Complementaty Education Pardis of Kohgiluyeh-va-Boyerahmad, Yasouj, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 9 18 27 05 2015 27 05 2015 Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major etiologic agents of nosocomial infection among burn patients that has high resistance to antibiotics. Integrons can extend antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern and the prevalence of integron among P. aeruginosa isolates. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 73 P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections among hospitalized patients in Ahvaz Taleghani hospital. Antibiotic resistance pattern of these bacteria was investigated to 9 antibiotics by Disk Agar Diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to investigate the prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as a statistical significance level. Results: The most antibiotic resistance level was seen against ofloxacin (94.5%), aztreonam (94.5%), and ceftazidime (93.6%). Fifteen isolates of P. aeruginosa were resistance to all of the antibiotics. The study of molecular results showed that class 1 integron was detected in 35.6% of isolates, while none of them harbored class 2 and 3 integron. Conclusion: The rates of antibiotic resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics such as ceftazidime, oflaxacin, aztreonam, cefepime, and ceftriaxone is very high. Although, class 1 integron were detected in 35.6% of isolates, there was no statistically significant differences between the presence of integron and resistance to a specific antibiotic, that it shows the role of the other antibiotic resistance mechanisms among pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3717 General Evaluation of the Prophylactic Effect of Amiodarone in Reducing the Incidence of Post-CABG Atrial Fibrillation Dadashpour Niloofar l Moshiri Esmaeel m Kamali Ali Reza n Rostami Ali Reza o Golestani Eraghi Majid p l Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran m Department of Anesthesiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran n Department of Anesthesiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran o Department of Cardiac Surgery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran p Department of Internal Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 19 27 26 05 2015 26 05 2015 Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common complication after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This complication causes an increase in morbidity and mortality after CABG and also increases the length of ICU stay and hospitalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prophylactic effect of amiodarone in reducing the incidence of post CABG atrial fibrillation. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 204 patients, candidate for elective CABG, entered the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly divided into two equal groups. The case group received 300 mg of intravenous amiodarone before anesthesia induction and the control group received normal saline. Incidence of AF was recorded until 24 hours after CABG. Results: The incidence of post CABG AF was 16 patients in the case group and 35 patients in the control group. Comparison of the frequency of AF between groups by Chi square analyses showed a significant difference (p=0.037) and the incidence of AF was significantly lower in the amiodarone group. Conclusion: In total, amiodarone could significantly prevent the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. In this study, patients took this medication only in the first 24 hours, while in some studies, this drug has been prescribed for even 14 days. 3712 General Molecular Recognition of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Using Proprietary PCR Method Based on L1 Gene and the Evaluation of its Frequency in Tissue Samples from Patients with Cervical Cancer Dorostkar Roohollah Hashemzadeh Mohammad Sadegh Tat Mahdi Shafaati Mohammad Raza Najarasl Mohammad Zahiri Yeganeh Samaneh Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 28 36 25 05 2015 26 05 2015 Background: In 1970, human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced as the main etiologic factor of cervical carcinoma. Since there is no possibility of detecting the virus and its subtypes using serological methods and cell culture, the molecular methods such as PCR have particular importance in accurate, early and definite diagnosis of the virus. So, in this research, our goal is to use a proprietary PCR assay based on L1 gene of human papillomavirus for molecular recognition of HPV and to evaluate its prevalence in patient samples. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, after collecting of samples from malignant cervical lesions, the viral DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks of 50 clinical samples and PCR was done by specific primers for L1 gene of human papillomavirus in all samples. After the analysis of PCR products by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, sensitivity and specificity of the test were also evaluated. Results: Among 50 patient samples, 33 cases were confirmed to be positive for HPV infection and 17 cases were negative, showing high frequency of HPV in this patient population (about 66%). The results of specificity assay were positive for papilloma samples and sensitivity of the assay was 20 copies of recombinant construct containing L1 per reaction. Conclusion: This study showed that PCR by specific primers for L1 gene of human papilloma virus is a proper and accurate method for detection of this virus and the results confirm the previous reports of correlation between HPV and cervical carcinoma. 3718 General Comparison of the Effect and Complications of Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy without Using Eexternal Retaining Flap in Patients with Nasolacrimal Obstruction Falahati Jamal Zamani Barsari Farzad Taeid Mohammad Jadidi Rahmatollah Department of Ophtalmology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Department of ENT, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Educational Development Center for Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 37 45 26 05 2015 27 05 2015 Background: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction as a common problem causes bothersome social and physical symptoms such as euphoria, acute and chronic dacryocystitis attacks, pain, pruritus and erythm of eye. Although, there is no consensus about available therapeutic methods. So the aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effect and complications of endoscopic dacryocystorhinstomy and patients' preferences in two common surgical methods for settling nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 220 patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction were randomly divided into two groups and underwent external and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy surgery. Finally, patients were compared with a view to echymosis and tearing after operation and the time of surgery and bleeding during operation. The patients data were analysed by Chi-square test and using SPSS-16 software. Results: Our results show significant difference between two groups in post-operative echymosis, post-operative bleeding and the time of surgery (p=0.000). There was no significant difference in post-operative tearing between two groups (p=0.418). Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the use of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is remarkably better than external dacryocystorhinostomy Therefore, with regard to the most of patients' tendency to endoscopic surgery, surgeons should achieve more experience in this method. 3722 psychology The Effectiveness of Combined Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Calcium Supplementation Plus Vitamin D on Reducing the Premenstrual Syndrome Karimi Zahra Alipor Ahmad Mohtashami Tayebe Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 46 56 26 05 2015 27 05 2015 Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) consists of repetitious physical and psychological symptoms that occurs in luteal phase of menstrual period and will be over when menstrual period starts. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of calcium therapy plus vitamin D and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the parameters of PMS symptoms in women suffering from PMS. Materials and Methods: This study has an experimental plan of pretest and post-test of the control group. The statistical society is 250 female staff of Tehran Universities in academic year 2013-2014. Premenstrual syndrome screening tool (PSST) questionnaire was used as an evaluation tool. The collected data were analyzed using the indexes of the descriptive statistics and covariance analysis (p<0.05). Results: The minimum age of the statistical society was 24, 52.5 % of them held a master's degree and 60% were single. Cognitive behavioral therapy method, calcium and vitamin D therapy were significant in improving the parameters of symptoms at p<0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: Combining cognitive behavioral therapy and calcium supplementation and vitamin D is significantly effective in improving components of PMS sympotoms and applying these methods is recommended by the consultants and gynecologists. 3716 Health A Study of the Epidemiology and Trends in Cancer Incidence in Iranian Elderly 2003-2009 Koohi Fatemeh Enayatrad Mostafa Salehiniya Hamid Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 57 66 26 05 2015 26 05 2015 Background: Cancer in the elderly is rising increasingly. According to the population structure in Iran, it is necessary to conduct a study to examine the epidemiology and trends in cancer incidence in the elderly in Iran. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and trends in cancer incidence in Iranian elderly from 2003 to 2009. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing existing data obtained from the National Cancer Registry System in Iran. In this stucly, all records of elderly cancer cases in Iran during 2003 to 2009 were investigated. The age- specific incidence rates of reported cases were estimated by using direct standardization method and the world standard population. We used Cochrane Armitage Test for linear trend by Winpepi software to study the trends in cancer incidence. Results: stuolying statistics of Cancer Registry center shows that the incidence of cancer increases with age and most cases of cancer occur commonly in elderly people (aged over 60), so that, the highest number of cancer cases diagnosed in people aged 80-84, but it decreases after the age of 85. The most common cancer among the elders, in this period (2003-2009), was the skin cancer. Also, according to the statistics, cancers are more prevalent among older men than older women. Conclusion: with due attention to the results, the trend of incidence of cancer and its various types in the elders is increasing with age. The implementation of screening programs and necessary trainings in the field of early detection and the avoidance of exposure to risk factors to reduce the risk of cancer in Iranian elderly can be useful. 3723 Basic Sciences Molecular Docking Study of HIV-1 Protease with Triterpenoides Compounds from Plants and Mushroom Nosrati Mokhtar Behbahani Mandana University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Department of Microbial Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 67 79 26 05 2015 27 05 2015 Background: Because of the reported high ability of virulence and medicinal resistance of HIV-1 virus during the last decades, many investigations have been performed concerning discovery and the introduction of anti-HIV-1 drugs. The results of numerous researches have shown that drugs and protease inhibitory compounds mainly containing plant derivatives specially terpenoids may control HIV-1 infection very effectively. The aim of this research is the bioinformatical study of HIV-1 protease inhibition by standard drugs and triterpenoides from plant and mushroom. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study. In the present study , the structure of drugs, triterpene comounds, and HIV-1 protease enzyme was received from the databases such as Chem Spider, PubChem, Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), and Protein Data Bank (PDB). After that, molecular docking was performed by iGRMDOCK 2.1 software Results: The results confirmed that the interactions of the triterpene compounds like the standard drugs were in three safeguarded and catalytic areas including central domain, flap and carboxylic terminal domain specially amino acids Asp25, Asp27, Ala28, Asp29 and Asp30 in active sites of HIV-1 protease. Also, The study of the interactions of these areas showed that there is a direct correlation between the strength of the interactions and IC50 values of these compounds. Conclusion: Finally, with due attention to the high effectiveness and the proprietary function of triterpenoids, we can conclude that these compounds may be considered as effectire HIV-1 antiprotease drugs. 3738 General The Antinociceptive Effects of Iranian Cobra Snake Venom using Formalin Test Hadi Chegeni Zahra Oryan Shahrbanoo Zare Mirak Abadi Abbas Bakhtiarian Azam Akbari Somayyeh Ghamami Giti Nazari Khadijeh Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Department of Biology, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Venomous animals and Antivenom Production, Karaj Razi Serum Making Institute, Karaj, Iran Department of pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Department of pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 80 92 01 06 2015 01 06 2015 Background: There have been numerous reports of snake venoms being employed as analgesics in attempts to relieve severe pain associated with cancer, immune dysfunction and viral infections. This study investigates the antinociceptive effects of iranian cobra snake venom (Naja naja oxiana) in comparison with morphine and lidocain on laboratorial femal mice. Materials and Methods: This study has been done on 48 NMRI female mice of 18-20 g in weight. Antinociceptive activeity of snake venom was evaluated by formalin test. In this test, the animals were divided into 6 groups (each group consisting of 8 mice): Sham, positive Control (receiving morphine at dose of 5 mg/kg, and receiving lidocain at dose of 20 mg/kg), and experimental groups receiving venom at doses of 1, 3 and 4.5 µg/mice. In all groups, the formalin test was recorded for 60 min after administration of venom and drugs in mice. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: The results showed that the venom of Naja naja oxiana decreased nociception meaningfully in both acute and chronic phases. We also showed that this venom revealed even a better analgesic activity in comparison with morphine and lidocain. Conclusion: This study showed that the antinociceptive effect of the venom was mediated through central nervous system and peripheral mechanisms. Although details of the mechanism remain unclear, and further studies should be considered to demonstrate its therapeutic effects. 3719 Basic Sciences Effects of Lipopolysaccharides from Shigella Strains on Innate Immunity Stimulation in vitro Hashemzadeh Mohammad Reza Saadati Mojtaba Baghaban Eslaminejad Mohamadreza Aflatoonian Reza Zarea Mokhtar Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran Department of Biology, Biology Research Center, Institute of Basic Sciences, Imam Hussein Comprehensive University, Tehran Iran Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran Department of Biology, Biology Research Center, Institute of Basic Sciences, Imam Hussein Comprehensive University, Tehran Iran 1 6 2015 18 3 93 103 26 05 2015 27 05 2015 Background: Shigella is the causative agent of human shigellosis and its lipopolysaccharide is detected by TLR4. TLR4 belongs to Toll-like receptors family and many immunological pathways are triggered when these receptors are stimulated. Many researches showed increasing in TLR4 expression in mesenchymal stem cells through lipopolysaccharide treatment. The main goal of this study is detecting the optimum lipopolysaccharide between shigella strains through stimulation of immune system for vaccine studies. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were treated with three distinct concentrations (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001) of shigella (S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. sonnei) extract containing lipopolysaccharide. Then TLR4 expression in mRNA level was investigated by RT-PCR and Q-PCR. The cells treated with phosphate buffered saline have been considered as a control group. Results: Expression of TLR4 was shown in all of case groups except treatment with concentration 0.001 of extracts from sonnei and dysenteriae and also control group. The variations in the expression of TLR4 was dose-dependent in all of case groups. The maximum expression of TLR4 related to treatment with extract from shigella flexneri strain and the minimum expression related to treatment with shigella sonnei extract. The use of lipopolysaccharide from E. coli as a positive control indicated that lipopolysaccharide in shigella extracts is responsible for the increased expression of TLR4. Conclusion: The TLR4 expression level was increasesed by S. flexneri extract, so it could be recommended for increasing vaccine efficiency.