Extended Abstract
Introduction
A Significant human issue that vastly affected the biopsychosocial and economic dimensions of life is substance abuse and dependence. Moreover, it has inflicted irreparable damages on the human body at micro and macro levels. Substance abuse is among the problems of human society, i.e., increasing daily [1]. An affecting factor on adolescents’ tendency to abuse drugs is their resilience. Resilience includes a set of individual and psychological resources with which a person could survive in difficult situations and not be harmed; even in experiencing difficult or critical situations, he/she could improve his/her personality. In other words, resilience could be assumed as a psychological concept that seeks to explain individuals’ coping styles in unexpected situations. However, resilience not only increases a person’s ability to tolerate and adapt to a problem, but more importantly, maintains mental health, and even promotes it. Resilience enables individuals to face the difficulties and hardships of life and work, without being harmed, and even to use these opportunities for personality growth [2]. 
Another concept explored in this study was academic procrastination. Academic procrastination has been defined as delaying studying for exams, delaying to perform homework, and failing to register for classes on time. Besides, this concept has attracted numerous researchers’ attraction in recent years [8]. Academic procrastination is a frequent problem among students [9]. Although procrastination may occur in all activities of daily living, it is more prevalent in the field of homework conduction. Procrastination of homework is among the main reasons why learners fail to learn and have academic achievement. Academic procrastination is associated with academic assignments and could be described as delaying academic assignments for various reasons. 
Researchers have extensively investigated factors associated with students ‘negligence, or more precisely, students’ academic procrastination. Accordingly, various psychological, family and social determinants, like internal control have been determined. External, general self-efficacy and self-regulation [11], and educational styles [12] were examined in this area.
Materials and Methods
This was a cross-sectional and analytical correlational study. The number of statistical samples using Cochran’s formula was calculated as 150 individuals. The study participants were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. The study samples completed the study questionnaires. Inclusion criteria were as follows: being in the second year of high-school, unmarried, and aged 14-17 years. Exclusion criteria were being an unwillingness to participate in the research and providing uncompleted questionnaires. Due to the distortion of one of the questionnaires, a statistical sample of 149 individuals was finally considered. The instruments used in this study were Conner and Davidson’s Persistence Questionnaire (2003) [14], Solomon and Roth Blum [15], and Golparvar Substance Abuse Tendency Questionnaire [17]. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for data analysis.
Results
The correlation coefficient data of the research variables revealed that the degree of correlation obtained between resilience and substance abuse tendency was equal to -0.609 (P<0.01). Furthermore, the correlation between academic procrastination and substance abuse was calculated as 0.394 (P<0.01). In addition, the correlation between resilience and academic achievement was measured as -0.547 (P<0.01) (Table1).

As per Table 2, with the simultaneous entry of the predictor variables into the equation, the coefficient of explanation was calculated as 0.54. These variables were used as predictors to examine the effect of the studied variables in predicting substance abuse.

Furthermore, the prediction ratios for substance abuse based on student resilience and academic procrastination suggested that these variables could explain 54% of the variance in substance abuse in the studied students. Moreover, resilience (-0.564) and academic procrastination (-0.436) have played significant roles in predicting the investigated students’ tendency to abuse drugs (Table2).
Discussion
The current study aimed to predict the tendency of substance abuse in the second-grade male students based on resilience and academic procrastination. The obtained results indicated a significant and negative relationship between resilience and substance abuse tendency in the investigated students. Besides, resilience predicted the tendency of substance abuse in students.
These data suggest that the higher the students’ resilience, the lower their tendency to abuse drugs. These results are consistent with those of Mohammadi, Aghajani et al. [18], and Kennedy, Chen, Fang, and associates [19].
The present study findings also revealed a positive and significant relationship between academic procrastination and substance abuse in male students; academic procrastination predicted the tendency to substance abuse in the sample students. In other words, the higher the procrastination level, the greater the tendency to abuse drugs in the study samples. These data are consistent with those of Tavakoli and Dehkordian [21], and Ferrari and colleagues [22]. Tavakoli and Dehkordian argued that economic status, age, field of study, and academic procrastination explained a total of 13% of the variance of substance dependence. Moreover, Fugitive and colleagues [22] indicated a relationship between academic procrastination and substance dependence.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kharazmi University (Code: IR.KHU.REC1397.29).

Funding
According to the authors of the article, there was no financial support for the research.
Authors' contributions
 All authors contributed in preparing this article. 
Conflicts of interest
 The authors declared no conflicts of interest.  
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Education Department of Tehran, District 12, for their cooperation and all those who helped with conducting this study.