Volume 7, Issue 4 (Winter 2004)
J Arak Uni Med Sci 2004, 7(4): 1-6 |
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Roozbahani N, Narenji F, khosravi S, Attarha M, Hashemi M, Momeni Esfahani J. Determination of Relationship Between Fathers Cigarette Smoking and Sex Ration in Children. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2004; 7 (4) :1-6
URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6815-en.html
URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6815-en.html
Nasrin Roozbahani 
, Fereshteh Narenji , Sharareh Khosravi , Mahtab Attarha , Masoumeh Hashemi , Jamshid Momeni Esfahani
, Fereshteh Narenji , Sharareh Khosravi , Mahtab Attarha , Masoumeh Hashemi , Jamshid Momeni Esfahani
Abstract: (1401 Views)
Introduction: Sex ratio is referred to male, female ration which is usually 1.06. This ratio is decreased during the last few years. One of its reasons seems to be poisons and environmental pollutions such as cigarette smoke. In this investigation we studied the relationship between fathers cigarette smoking and sex ratio in children.
Materials and Methods: This is a historical cohort study. Study population were neonates born in Arak hospitals during summer and autumn 1383. Sample size was determined 710 neonates, based on α=5%, β=10%. Sampling method was census in which all newborns with inclusion criteria were selected and questionnaires were filled. Samples were divided into three groups. 1-newborns with nonsmoker fathers 2- newborns with smoker fathers (less than 20 cigarette a day) 3- newborns with smoker fathers (20 or more cigarettes a day) (fathers cigarette smoking at least 3 months before conception in second and third group). Newborns sex ratio was determined in each group and caparisoned. Data analysis was done by frequency, ratio, mean and standard deviation indexes and k-s, leven, t, mann-whitney, chi square tests and relative risk, using SPSS software. At all stages study Helsinki declaration was regarded.
Results: Overall sex ratio was 1.04. This ratio was 1.272 for neonates with nonsmoker fathers and 0.77 for neonates with smoker fathers. Also sex ratio in newborns with smoker fathers using less than 20 cigarettes a day was 0.846 and for those with fathers using 20 or more was 0.60. Based on chi square there was a meaningful relationship between the three groups (p<0.00001). Relative risk in low cigarette group was 1.23 and in high cigarette group 1.42.
Conclusion: Based on findings it seems that fathers cigarette smoking near conception results in decreasing sex ratio and the increased use of cigarettes the decreased born of male neonates.
Materials and Methods: This is a historical cohort study. Study population were neonates born in Arak hospitals during summer and autumn 1383. Sample size was determined 710 neonates, based on α=5%, β=10%. Sampling method was census in which all newborns with inclusion criteria were selected and questionnaires were filled. Samples were divided into three groups. 1-newborns with nonsmoker fathers 2- newborns with smoker fathers (less than 20 cigarette a day) 3- newborns with smoker fathers (20 or more cigarettes a day) (fathers cigarette smoking at least 3 months before conception in second and third group). Newborns sex ratio was determined in each group and caparisoned. Data analysis was done by frequency, ratio, mean and standard deviation indexes and k-s, leven, t, mann-whitney, chi square tests and relative risk, using SPSS software. At all stages study Helsinki declaration was regarded.
Results: Overall sex ratio was 1.04. This ratio was 1.272 for neonates with nonsmoker fathers and 0.77 for neonates with smoker fathers. Also sex ratio in newborns with smoker fathers using less than 20 cigarettes a day was 0.846 and for those with fathers using 20 or more was 0.60. Based on chi square there was a meaningful relationship between the three groups (p<0.00001). Relative risk in low cigarette group was 1.23 and in high cigarette group 1.42.
Conclusion: Based on findings it seems that fathers cigarette smoking near conception results in decreasing sex ratio and the increased use of cigarettes the decreased born of male neonates.
Subject:
General
Received: 2021/01/29 | Accepted: 2004/12/30
Received: 2021/01/29 | Accepted: 2004/12/30
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