Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
J Arak Uni Med Sci 2025, 28(4): 261-267 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Jafarnezhadgero A, Fakhri Mirzandg E, Alizadeh R, Khezri D. The Short-Term Effect of Anti-Pronation Insoles on Plantar Pressure Variables in Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Pronated Feet during Running. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2025; 28 (4) :261-267
URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-7757-en.html
URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-7757-en.html
1- Department. of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran , amiralijafarnezhad@gmail.com
2- Department. of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
2- Department. of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (304 Views)
Introduction: Using treatment interventions in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are essential. Also, some studies have reported that medical insoles decrease the rate of incidence of ACL injury. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigated the acute effect of short-term anti-pronation insoles on foot pressure variables in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with pronated feet during running.
Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental type that was done at 2022 in Ardabil city. The sample of this study consisted of 13 individuals with both ACLR and pronated foot aged 23.4±2.5 years and 13 healthy ones aged 22.9±4.1 years that was selected with available sampling method. Plantar pressure values were recorded during running with and without anti pronated foot orthoses by foot scan device (sampling rate: 300 Hz). Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Results of the present study demonstrated a decreasing of peak plantar pressure variables on first (P=0.044), second (P=0.010), and fifth metatarsal (P=0.027) regions after using anti-pronated insoles during running stance phase.
Conclusions: Overall, it could be stated that foot orthoses possibly reduced plantar pressure and ground reaction force variables after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in individuals with pronated feet during running. However, further study is needed to better establish this issue.
Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental type that was done at 2022 in Ardabil city. The sample of this study consisted of 13 individuals with both ACLR and pronated foot aged 23.4±2.5 years and 13 healthy ones aged 22.9±4.1 years that was selected with available sampling method. Plantar pressure values were recorded during running with and without anti pronated foot orthoses by foot scan device (sampling rate: 300 Hz). Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Results of the present study demonstrated a decreasing of peak plantar pressure variables on first (P=0.044), second (P=0.010), and fifth metatarsal (P=0.027) regions after using anti-pronated insoles during running stance phase.
Conclusions: Overall, it could be stated that foot orthoses possibly reduced plantar pressure and ground reaction force variables after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in individuals with pronated feet during running. However, further study is needed to better establish this issue.
References
1. Tripon M, Praz C, Ferreira A, Drigny J, Reboursière E, Hulet C. Clinical outcome of iterative meniscal suture after ACL reconstruction at a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2024;110(1):103754. pmid: 37951303 doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2023.103754
2. Ng MK, Vasireddi N, Emara AK, Lam A, Voyvodic L, Rodriguez AN, et al. Anterolateral knee complex considerations in contemporary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2024;34(1):319-30. pmid: 37490068 doi: 10.1007/s00590-023-03647-2
3. Seil R, Mouton C, Lion A, Nührenbörger C, Pape D, Theisen D. There is no such thing like a single ACL injury: profiles of ACL-injured patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016;102(1):105-10. pmid: 26776099 doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.11.007
4. McIlroy W, Maki B. Preferred placement of the feet during quiet stance: development of a standardized foot placement for balance testing. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 1997;12(1):66-70. pmid: 11415674 doi: 10.1016/s0268-0033(96)00040-x
5. Winter DA. Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait Posture. 1995;3(4):193-214. doi: 10.1016/0966-6362(96)82849-9
6. Jafarnezhadgero A, Ghorbanloo F, Fatollahi A, Dionisio VC, Granacher U. Effects of an elastic resistance band exercise program on kinetics and muscle activities during walking in young adults with genu valgus: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2021;81:105215. pmid: 33203537 doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105215
7. Dennis JD, Nilius AE, Birchmeier TB, Dewig DR, Pietrosimone BG, Blackburn JT. Biomechanical contributors to loading rates during gait following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Biomech. 2025;183:112618. pmid: 40080980 doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112618
8. Jung D-Y, Kim M-H, Koh E-K, Kwon O-Y, Cynn H-S, Lee W-H. A comparison in the muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and the medial longitudinal arch angle during toe curl and short foot exercises. Phys Ther Sport. 2011;12(1):30-5. pmid: 21256447 doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.08.001
9. Farahpour N, Jafarnezhadgero A, Allard P, Majlesi M. Muscle activity and kinetics of lower limbs during walking in pronated feet individuals with and without low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2018;39:35-41. pmid: 29413451 doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.01.006
10. Ahmadi M, Yalfani A. Interlimb Asymmetry of Vertical Ground Reaction Force as a Risk Factor for Re-injury and Knee Osteoarthritis Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review. Journal of Research Orthopedic Science. 2022;9(1):15-24. doi: 10.32598/JROSJ.9.1.857.1
11. Knurr KA. Recovery of Running Biomechanics after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. [Thesis]. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2023.
12. Papachatzis N, Takahashi KZ. Mechanics of the human foot during walking on different slopes. PLoS One. 2023;18(9):e0286521. pmid: 37695795 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286521.
13. van Leeuwen M, Bruijn S, van Dieën J. Mechanisms that stabilize human walking. Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior. 2022;16(5):326-51. doi:10.20338/bjmb.v16i5.321
14. Li H, Li M, Lin G, Qiu H. Perceiving destination through animated GIFs: A mixed method design for multifaceted image assessment. Journal of Travel Research. 2023;62(1):154-75. doi: 10.1177/00472875211057606
15. Stensdotter A-K, Tengman E, Häger C. Altered postural control strategies in quiet standing more than 20 years after rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Gait Posture. 2016;46:98-103. pmid: 27131185 doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.02.020
16. Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research. Gait Posture. 2002;16(1):1-14. pmid: 12127181 doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00156-4
17. Whittle MW. Gait analysis: an introduction. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2014.
18. Sharifi A, Esmaeili H, Zolaktaf V. Walking and running roll-off characteristics in patients with ACL reconstruction history. Gait Posture. 2024;107:330-6. pmid: 37926656 doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.10.025
19. Erhart-Hledik J, Mahtani G, Asay J, Chu C, Andriacchi TJO, Cartilage. Active feedback gait retraining alters foot pressure patterns and reduces knee adduction moment in an anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed population. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018;26:S364. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.721
20. Cetin E, Deveci MA, Songür M, Özer H, Turanli SJ. Evaluation of plantar pressure distributions in patients with anteriorcruciate ligament deficiency: preoperative and postoperative changes. Turk J Med Sci. 2017;47(2):587-91. pmid: 28425251 doi: 10.3906/sag-1601-146
21. Faiz M, Imtiaz T, Zafar B, Shamim F, Khan S, Abid H. Smart foot insole for reducing the risk of foot ulcers in diabetic patients by measuring plantar pressure. Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation. 2024;13(1):88-98.
22. Bellchamber T, van den Bogert AJ. Contributions of proximal and distal moments to axial tibial rotation during walking and running. J Biomech. 2000;33(11):1397-403. pmid: 10940398 doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00113-5
23. Alizadeh R, Jafarnezhadgero A, Khezri D. The acute effect of using anti-pronation insoles on muscle frequency content in an individual with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and pronated feet during running [in Persian]. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2023;23(3):238-50. doi:10.61186/jarums.23.3.238
24. Barghadi M, Imani F, Nosrati Heshi AJ. Comparing the immediate and long-term effects of arch support on the electrical activity of muscles during landing in three steps shot technique in handball players with pronation foot [in Persian]. Studies in Medical Sciences. 2023;34(8):438-49. doi: 10.61186/umj.34.8.438
25. Sugawara K, Okada K, Saito I, Saito A, Wakasa M. Foot pressure pattern during walking in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2016;106(3):201-6. pmid: 27269975 doi: 10.7547/15-006
26. Suga K, Kanzaki H, Fukushima S, Iwata Y, Inoue K, Urayama IJP. Effects of wearing insoles on biomechanical injury risks for patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction: emphasizing the sagittal plane. Physiotherapy. 2015;101(1):e1453-e1454. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1418
27. Collins KA. The immediate effects of plantar massage and textured insoles on gait in patients following ACL reconstruction [Thesis]. Charlotte, NC: The University of North Carolina at Charlotte; 2017.
28. Jafarnezhadgero AA, Dehghani M, Abdollahpourdarvishani M, Sheikhalizadeh H, Akrami MJJoB. Effect of textured foot orthoses on walking plantar pressure variables in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Biomech. 2021;129:110775. pmid: 34600173 doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110775
29. Snyder BA, Munter AD, Houston MN, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the semmes‐weinstein monofilament 4‐2‐1 stepping algorithm. Muscle Nerve. 2016;53(6):918-24. pmid: 26474392 doi: 10.1002/mus.24944
30. Jenkins WL, Williams III DB, Williams K, Hefner J, Welch H. Sex differences in total frontal plane knee movement and velocity during a functional single-leg landing. Phys Ther Sport. 2017;24:1-6. pmid: 28013024 doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.09.005
31. Vickers NJ. Animal communication: when i’m calling you, will you answer too? Curr Biol. 2017;27(14):R713-R5. pmid: 28743020 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.064
32. Bates NA, Nesbitt RJ, Shearn JT, Myer GD, Hewett TEJJob. Sex-based differences in knee ligament biomechanics during robotically simulated athletic tasks. J Biomech. 2016;49(9):1429-36. pmid: 27083058 doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.001
33. Norasteh AA, Ghorbani M. The effect of kinesiophobia on return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review [in Persian]. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2024;13(1):18-33. doi: 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.14
34. Alam MF, Zaki S, Sharma S, Ghareeb M, Nuhmani S. Intra-rater reliability and validity of navicular drop test for the assessment of medial longitudinal arch in patients having pronated feet with chronic low back pain. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2025;32:101939. doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101939
35. Hollander K, Zech A, Rahlf AL, Orendurff MS, Stebbins J, Heidt C. The relationship between static and dynamic foot posture and running biomechanics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture. 2019;72:109-22. pmid: 31195310 doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.05.031
36. Buldt AK, Forghany S, Landorf KB, Levinger P, Murley GS, Menz HBJG, et al. Foot posture is associated with plantar pressure during gait: A comparison of normal, planus and cavus feet. Gait Posture. 2018;62:235-40. pmid: 29573666 doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.03.005
37. Escamilla-Martínez E, Martínez-Nova A, Gómez-Martín B, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Fernández-Seguín LM. The effect of moderate running on foot posture index and plantar pressure distribution in male recreational runners. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2013;103(2):121-5. pmid: 23536502 doi: 10.7547/1030121
38. Alahmri F, Alsaadi S, Ahsan M, Alqhtani S. Determining the knee joint laxity between the pronated foot and normal arched foot in adult participants. Acta Biomed. 2022;93(3):e2022092. pmid: 35775763 doi: 10.23750/abm.v93i3.12684
39. Madadi-Shad M, Jafarnezhadgero AA, Sheikhalizade H, Dionisio VC. Effect of a corrective exercise program on gait kinetics and muscle activities in older adults with both low back pain and pronated feet: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gait Posture. 2020;76:339-45. pmid: 31896537 doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.12.026
40. Unver B, Erdem EU, Akbas E. Effects of short-foot exercises on foot posture, pain, disability, and plantar pressure in pes planus. J Sport Rehabil. 2019;29(4):436-40. pmid: 30860412 doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0363
41. Rao S, Baumhauer JF, Becica L, Nawoczenski DA. Shoe inserts alter plantar loading and function in patients with midfoot arthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39(7):522-31. pmid: 19574663 doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.2900
42. Stewart L, Gibson J, Thomson CE. In-shoe pressure distribution in “unstable”(MBT) shoes and flat-bottomed training shoes: a comparative study. Gait Posture. 2007;25(4):648-51. pmid: 16901702 doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.06.012
43. Carabasa García L, Lorca-Gutiérrez R, Vicente-Mampel J, Part-Ferrer R, Fernández-Ehrling N, Ferrer-Torregrosa J. Relationship between anterior cruciate ligament injury and subtalar pronation in female basketball players: case-control study. J Clin Med. 2023;12(24):7539. pmid: 38137608 doi: 10.3390/jcm12247539
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
