Volume 28, Issue 4 (10-2025)
J Arak Uni Med Sci 2025, 28(4): 253-260 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ghasemi Kahrizsangi A, Najafi M. The Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training with Purslane Seed Supplementation on the Pro-Inflammatory Factor IL-6 and CRP in Middle-Aged Type 2 Diabetes Men on the Threshold of Obesity. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2025; 28 (4) :253-260
URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-7821-en.html
URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-7821-en.html
1- Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Qom, Qom, Iran , a.ghasemi@qom.ac.ir
2- MSc Student of Exercise Physiology Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2- MSc Student of Exercise Physiology Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
Abstract: (298 Views)
Introduction: Today, diabetes is one of the main problems in the world. Type-2 diabetes is more common in obese and overweight people, and obesity is a serious health problem. In addition to the importance of exercise in diabetes, some supplements can be effective on inflammatory factors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training along with purslane seed supplement consumption on the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and CRP in middle-aged type-2 diabetic men on the threshold of obesity.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 male patients with type 2 diabetes with an average age of 40-55 and fasting blood sugar above 120 were selected, then randomly divided into four groups of 10 including: control group, exercise group, exercise+supplement group. And the complementary group was divided. The subjects had no history of regular sports activity (for the previous 6 months) and consumption of purslane and were on the threshold of obesity (BMI between 28 and 30). The subjects walked 3 sessions a week and each session was for one hour without rest. The duration of the training session started from 30 minutes in the first week and reached 45 minutes of training in the eighth week with an intensity equal to 50-70% of the maximum reserve heart rate. The supplement group consumed 7.5 grams of purslane seeds per day for 8 weeks. The control group was not subjected to any training or supplements during 8 weeks. Paired t-test was used to compare the results before and after check the significant difference between the four groups, the analysis of covariance test was used, and if a significant difference was observed, the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the location of the difference between the groups using SPSS 25 and EXCEL2010 statistical software at the significance level (P<0.05).
Results: The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference in CRP (P=0.000). The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test indicated a difference between the two groups of exercise-supplement and placebo exercise compared to the control group (P<0.05). No difference was observed in IL-6 values.
Conclusions: It seems that the consumption of purslane seeds along with exercise improves the inflammatory index and CRP predicts heart problems. As a result, the use of purslane seed supplement if combined with exercise can be an effective method for middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes on the verge of obesity, but the effect of endurance training is more effective than purslane seed supplement.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 male patients with type 2 diabetes with an average age of 40-55 and fasting blood sugar above 120 were selected, then randomly divided into four groups of 10 including: control group, exercise group, exercise+supplement group. And the complementary group was divided. The subjects had no history of regular sports activity (for the previous 6 months) and consumption of purslane and were on the threshold of obesity (BMI between 28 and 30). The subjects walked 3 sessions a week and each session was for one hour without rest. The duration of the training session started from 30 minutes in the first week and reached 45 minutes of training in the eighth week with an intensity equal to 50-70% of the maximum reserve heart rate. The supplement group consumed 7.5 grams of purslane seeds per day for 8 weeks. The control group was not subjected to any training or supplements during 8 weeks. Paired t-test was used to compare the results before and after check the significant difference between the four groups, the analysis of covariance test was used, and if a significant difference was observed, the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the location of the difference between the groups using SPSS 25 and EXCEL2010 statistical software at the significance level (P<0.05).
Results: The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference in CRP (P=0.000). The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test indicated a difference between the two groups of exercise-supplement and placebo exercise compared to the control group (P<0.05). No difference was observed in IL-6 values.
Conclusions: It seems that the consumption of purslane seeds along with exercise improves the inflammatory index and CRP predicts heart problems. As a result, the use of purslane seed supplement if combined with exercise can be an effective method for middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes on the verge of obesity, but the effect of endurance training is more effective than purslane seed supplement.
References
1. Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins 3rd JB. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2003;17(1):24-38. pmid: 12616644 doi: 10.1002/jbt.10058
2. DeWitt DE, Hirsch IB. Outpatient insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: scientific review. JAMA. 2003;289(17):2254-64. pmid: 12734137 doi: 10.1001/jama.289.17.2254
3. Buchwald H, Estok R, Fahrbach K, Banel D, Jensen MD, Pories WJ, et al. Weight and type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2009;122(3):248-56. e5. pmid: 19272486 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.041
4. Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, Leitão CB, Zucatti AT, Azevedo MJ, et al. Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011; 305(17):1790-9. pmid: 21540423 doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.576.
5. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(18):1343-50. pmid: 11333990 doi: 10.1056/NEJM200105033441801
6. Monasta L, Batty G, Cattaneo A, Lutje V, Ronfani L, van Lenthe F, et al. Early‐life determinants of overweight and obesity: a review of systematic reviews. Obes Rev. 2010;11(10):695-708. pmid: 20331509 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00735.x
7. Kopelman P. Health risks associated with overweight and obesity. Obesity reviews. 2007;8(s1):13-7.
8. Thayer KA, Heindel JJ, Bucher JR, Gallo MA. Role of environmental chemicals in diabetes and obesity: a National Toxicology Program workshop review. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120(6):779-89. pmid: 22296744 doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104597
9. Ghorbani MR, Bojarpur M, Mayahi M, Fayazi J. Fatemi Tabatabaei SR, et al. Effect of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) on performance and carcass characteristic of broiler chickens [in Persian]. Iranian Veterinary Journal. 2014;9(4):88-97.
10. Modaresi M, naderi B. Effect of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) extracts on the electrophoretic pattern of blood proteins in mice [in Persian]. Intern Med Today. 2014;19(4):206-11.
11. Kotb El-Sayed M-I. Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. seeds in treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients as adjunctive and alternative therapy. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137(1):643-51. pmid: 21718775 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.020
12. Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Sceppa C, White RD. Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2004;29(6):1433-8. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2518
13. Kim HY, Kim HK, Kim JR, Kim HS. Upregulation of LPS-induced chemokine KC expression by 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol. 2005;83(3):286-93. pmid: 15877607 doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01329.x
14. Olefsky JM, Glass CK. Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Annu Rev Physiol. 2010;72:219-46. pmid: 20148674 doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135846
15. Motamed N, Zamani F. Sample Size in Medical Research: an applied approach. Tehran, Iran: Asre Roshanbini Publications; 2017.
16. Ghasemi Kahrizsangi A, Manoochehri A, Sadeghian H. The effect of an eight-week aerobic training plus a supplement of portulaca oleracea seed on metabolic syndrome factors in middle-aged men with diabetes type 2 on the threshold of obesity [in Persian]. Studies in Medical Sciences 2023;34(5):268-77. doi: 10.61186/umj.34.5.268
17. Salehi A, Farzanegi P. Effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with and without portulacalo seeds on some of liver injury markers in women with diabetes type 2 [in Persian]. Studies in Medical Sciences. 2015;25(11):968-78.
18. Ricciotti E, FitzGerald GA. Prostaglandins and inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;31(5):986-1000. pmid: 21508345 doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207449
19. Lopez-Tinoco C, Roca M, Fernandez-Deudero A, García-Valero A, Bugatto F, Aguilar-Diosdado M, et al. Cytokine profile, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk in women with late-onset gestational diabetes mellitus. Cytokine. 2012;58(1):14-9. pmid: 22200508 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.12.004
20. Kaatabi H, Bamosa AO, Lebda FM, Al Elq AH, Al-Sultan AI. Favorable impact of Nigella sativa seeds on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. J Family Community Med. 2012;19(3):155-70. pmid: 23230380 doi: 10.4103/2230-8229.102311
21. Huffman KM, Samsa GP, Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Johnson JL, Bales CW et al. Response of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to exercise training in an at-risk population. Am Heart J. 2006;152(4):793-800. pmid: 16996860 doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.04.019
22. Xu L, Ying Z, Wei W, Hao D, Wang H, Zhang W, et al. A novel alkaloid from Portulaca oleracea L. Nat Prod Res. 2017;31(8):902-8. pmid: 16996860 doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.04.019
23. Kim CH, Park PB, Choe SR, Kim TH, Jeong JK, Lee KG, et al. Anti-oxidativeand anti-inflammatory effects of Protulaca Oleracea on the LPS-stimulated AGS cells. J Physiol Pathol Korean Med. 2009;23(2):488-93.
24. Javadi Kia M, Barjaste Yazdi A, Khajei R, Hosein Abadi MR. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Portulaca Oleracea Extract on C-Reactive Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [in Persian]. North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2023;15(2):13-21. doi: 10.32592/nkums.15.2.13
25. Ghara Khanlou R, Gorzi A, Bayati M. The effects of endurance and resistance training on activity of g4 acetyl cholinesterase in fast and slow twitch muscles of rats [in Persian]. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2016;8(3):353-64. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2016.59484
26. Rezaeinasab H, Ranjbar R, Habibi A, Afshoon pour MT. The effect of eight weeks of combined training (aerobic - circuit resistance) on visfatin concentration, il-6 and tnf-α in obese men with type ii diabetes [in Persian]. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 2018;17(1):39-48.
27. Soori R, Naghibozakerin M, Shabkhiz F, Ramezankhani A. The effect of aperiod of aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on zonulin and interleukin-6 in obese sedentary adolescent boys [in Persian]. J Torbat Heydariyeh Univ Med Sci. 2021;8(4):34-45.
28. Mirseyyedi M, Attarzadeh Hosseini SR, Mir E, Hejazi K. Changes in C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and lipid biomarkers in sedentary middle-aged men after resistance exercise [in Persian]. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2014;21(2):283-92.
29. Tartibian B, Kamrani A, Yaghoobnezhad F, Mohammad Amini Khayat S. Investigation of the Relationship between Sleep Quality with Interlukin-1β and C - Reaction protein in Active and Non-Active Men [in Persian]. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2014;13(2):141-50.
30. Kabir B, Taghian F, Ghatreh Samani K. Effect of Aerobic Training on levels of Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein in elderly men [in Persian]. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2014;16(3):8-15.
31. Heidarianpour A, Keshvari M. Effects of three types of exercise aerobic, resistance and concurrent on plasma CRP concentration in type II diabetes patients [in Persian]. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2016;23(6):916-25.
32. Bedakhanian M, Entezari MH, Ghanadian M, Askari G, Maracy MR. The effects of portulaca oleracea on lipid profile, c-reactive protein, and fasting blood glucose in men with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Health Syst Res. 2017;12 (4):478-83. doi: 10.22122/jhsr.v12i4.2765
33. Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(10):1563-9. pmid: 15893167 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.077
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
