Volume 29, Issue 3 (8-2026)
J Arak Uni Med Sci 2026, 29(3): 0-0 |
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Zeinalirizi N, Pazhoohan S, Azizi H, Mahmoodiyeh B. Effects of Maternal Deprivation Stress on Respiratory Center Responses to Fentanyl and Ketamine: A Respiratory Signal Analysis Study. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2026; 29 (3)
URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-8319-en.html
URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-8319-en.html
1- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
2- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran ,saeedpazhoohan@gmail.com
3- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
2- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran ,
3- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Abstract: (15 Views)
Introduction: Maternal deprivation (MD) stress can adversely affect neurodevelopment and alter the function of enkephalinergic and glutamatergic systems, thereby increasing vulnerability to opioid exposure in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal deprivation on respiratory responses to fentanyl and ketamine using respiratory signal analysis.
Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats aged 60–70 days were used. To induce maternal deprivation, pups were separated from their dams for 3 hours daily (10:00–13:00) from postnatal day 1 to day 14. Baseline respiratory signals, as well as respiratory responses following intraperitoneal administration of fentanyl (100 µg/kg), ketamine (100 mg/kg), and a fentanyl–ketamine combination, were recorded using whole-body plethysmography. Respiratory rate and respiratory signal entropy were analyzed.
Results: Maternal deprivation significantly increased respiratory rate following fentanyl administration. In addition, the standard deviation of inter-breath intervals increased after administration of the fentanyl–ketamine combination in MD animals. Respiratory signal analysis further demonstrated a significant reduction in signal irregularity in the MD group compared with controls following drug administration.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that maternal deprivation alters respiratory responses to fentanyl and ketamine. This altered response w:::::as char:::::acterized by reduced respiratory signal entropy, which may reflect diminished flexibility and adaptive capacity of the respiratory control system in maternally deprived animals.
Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats aged 60–70 days were used. To induce maternal deprivation, pups were separated from their dams for 3 hours daily (10:00–13:00) from postnatal day 1 to day 14. Baseline respiratory signals, as well as respiratory responses following intraperitoneal administration of fentanyl (100 µg/kg), ketamine (100 mg/kg), and a fentanyl–ketamine combination, were recorded using whole-body plethysmography. Respiratory rate and respiratory signal entropy were analyzed.
Results: Maternal deprivation significantly increased respiratory rate following fentanyl administration. In addition, the standard deviation of inter-breath intervals increased after administration of the fentanyl–ketamine combination in MD animals. Respiratory signal analysis further demonstrated a significant reduction in signal irregularity in the MD group compared with controls following drug administration.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that maternal deprivation alters respiratory responses to fentanyl and ketamine. This altered response w:::::as char:::::acterized by reduced respiratory signal entropy, which may reflect diminished flexibility and adaptive capacity of the respiratory control system in maternally deprived animals.
Type of Study: Original Atricle |
Subject:
Basic Sciences
Received: 2026/05/13 | Accepted: 2026/06/7
Received: 2026/05/13 | Accepted: 2026/06/7
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