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Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common causes of end stage renal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory roles of rosmarinic acid in inhibition of diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 40 male rats were uninephrectomized from the left flank. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten: Group1 (control), group 2 (control) including untreated diabetic rats, and groups 3 and 4 (treatment groups) that received rosmarinic acid 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Diabetes was induced in groups 2, 3, and 4 by subcutaneous injection of alloxan. After 8 weeks, serum malondialdehyde was measured. Kidney paraffin sections were prepared and stained by periodic acid Schiff method. Glomerular, intraglomerular mesangial, and glomerular capillary volumes were estimated by stereological methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13 software and Man-Whitney nonparametric test. Results: The level of serum malondialdehyde in treatment groups was maintained at the level of control group. Glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, and reduction of glomerular capillary volume in groups treated by rosmarinic acid were significantly inhibited compared with the untreated diabetic group, but the levels of these variables were significantly different from that of the control group. Conclusion: Rosmarinic acid significantly ameliorates glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, and glomerullar capillary volume in diabetic rats.

Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, Glomerulosclerosis, Malondialdehyde, Rosmarinic acid

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