1. Holstein AF, Schirren CG, Schirren C, Mauss J. Round headed spermatozoa: a cause of male infertility. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1973; 98(2): 61-2.
2. Wolff HH, Schill WB, Moritz P. Round-headed spermatozoa: a rare andrologic finding ("globe-headed spermatozoa", "globozoospermia"). Hautarzt. 1976; 27(3): 111-6.
3. Dam AH1, Feenstra I, Westphal JR, Ramos L, van Golde RJ, Kremer JA. Globozoospermia revisited. Hum Reprod Update. 2007; 13(1): 63-75.
4. De Braekeleer M, Nguyen MH, Morel F, Perrin A. Genetic aspects of monomorphic teratozoospermia: a review. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2015; 32(4): 615-23.
5. Schirren C.G, Holstein A.F., Schirren C. Uber die Morphogenese rundkopfiger Spermatozoen des Menschen. Andrologie. 1971; 3(3):117–125.
6. Singh G. Ultrastructural features of round-headed human spermatozoa. Int J Fertil. 1992; 37(2): 99-102.
7. Dam AH, Ramos L, Dijkman HB, Woestenenk R, Robben H, van den Hoven L, et al. Morphology of partial globozoospermia. J Androl. 2011; 32(2): 199-206.
8. Pedersen H, Rebbe H. Fine structure of round-headed human spermatozoa. J Reprod Fertil. 1974; 37(1): 51-4.
9. Syms AJ, Johnson AR, Lipshultz LI, Smith RG. Studies on human spermatozoa with round head syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1984; 42(3): 431-5.
10. Carrell DT, Emery BR, Liu L. Characterization of aneuploidy rates, protamine levels, ultrastructure, and functional ability of round-headed sperm from two siblings and implications for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril. 1999; 71(3): 511-6.
11. Larson KL, Brannian JD, Singh NP, Burbach JA, Jost LK, Hansen KP, et al. Chromatin structure in globozoospermia: a case report. J Androl. 2001; 22(3): 424-31.
12. Nasr-Esfahani MH, Tavalaee M. Cellular and molecular aspects of reproductive biology.1th ed. Tehran: Royan institute Pub; 2015.(In Persian).
13. Aghajanpour S, Ghaedi K, Salamian A, Deemeh MR, Tavalaee M, Moshtaghian J, et al. Quantitative expression of phospholipase C zeta, as an index to assess fertilization potential of a semen sample. Hum Reprod. 2011; 26(11): 2950-6.
14. Nasr-Esfahani MH, Deemeh MR, Tavalaee M. Artificial oocyte activation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril. 2010; 94(2): 520–6.
15. Tavalaee M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Expression profile of PLCζ, PAWP, and TR-KIT in association with fertilization potential, embryo development, and pregnancy outcomes in globozoospermic candidates for intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection and artificial oocyte activation. Andrology. 2016; 4(5): 850-6.
16. Tavalaee M, Kiani-Esfahani A, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Relationship between phospholipase C-zeta, semen parameters, and chromatin status. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2017; 63(4): 259-268.
17. Tavalaee M, Kiani-Esfahani A, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Relationship between sperm factors involved in oocyte activation sperm DNA fragmentation with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection clinical outcomes. Cell J. 2017; 18(4): 588-596.
18. Tavalaee M, Parivar K, Shahverdi AH, Ghaedi K, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Status of sperm-born oocyte activating factors (PAWP, PLCζ) and sperm chromatin in uncapacitated, capacitated and acrosome-reacted conditions. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2017; 20(2): 96-103.
19. Eskandari N, Tavalaee M, Zohrabi D, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Association between total globozoospermia and sperm chromatin defects. Andrologia. 2017. [Epub ahead of print]
20. Kamali-Dolat Abadi M, Tavalaee M, Shahverdi A, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Evaluation of PLCζ and PAWP Expression in Globozoospermic Individuals. Cell J. 2016; 18(3): 438-45.
21. Machev N, Gosset P, Viville S. Chromosome abnormalities in sperm from infertile men with normal somatic karyotypes: teratozoospermia. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2005; 111(3-4): 352-7.
22. Harbuz R, Zouari R, Pierre V, Ben Khelifa M, Kharouf M, Coutton C, et al. A recurrent deletion of DPY19L2 causes infertility in man by blocking sperm head elongation and acrosome formation. Am J Hum Genet. 2011; 88(3): 351-61.
23. Koscinski I, Elinati E, Fossard C, Redin C, Muller J, Velez de la Calle J, et al. DPY19L2 deletion as a major cause of globozoospermia. Am J Hum Genet. 2011; 88(3): 344-50.
24. Yao R, Ito C, Natsume Y, Sugitani Y, Yamanaka H, Kuretake S, et al. Lack of acrosome formation in mice lacking a Golgi protein, GOPC. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002; 99(17): 11211-6.
25. Kang-Decker N, Mantchev GT, Juneja SC, McNiven MA, van Deursen JM. Lack of acrosome formation in Hrb-deficient mice. Science. 2001; 294(5546): 1531-3.
26. Xu X, Toselli PA, Russell LD, Seldin DC. Globozoospermia in mice lacking the casein kinase II alpha' catalytic subunit. Nat Genet. 1999; 23(1): 118-21.
27. Fujihara Y, Satouh Y, Inoue N, Isotani A, Ikawa M, Okabe M. SPACA1-deficient male mice are infertile with abnormally shaped sperm heads reminiscent of globozoospermia. Development. 2012; 139(19): 3583-9.
28. Coutton C, Escoffier J, Martinez G, Arnoult C, Ray PF. Teratozoospermia: spotlight on the main genetic actors in the human. Hum Reprod Update. 2015; 21(4): 455-85.
29. Chianese C, Fino MG, Riera Escamilla A, López Rodrigo O, Vinci S, Guarducci E, et al. Comprehensive investigation in patients affected by sperm macrocephaly and globozoospermia. Andrology. 2015; 3(2): 203-12.
30. Christensen GL, Ivanov IP, Atkins JF, Campbell B, Carrell DT. Identification of polymorphisms in the Hrb, GOPC, and Csnk2a2 genes in two men with globozoospermia. J Androl. 2006; 27(1): 11-5.
31. Pirrello O, Machev N, Schimdt F, Terriou P, Ménézo Y, Viville S. Search for mutations involved in human globozoospermia. Hum Reprod. 2005; 20(5): 1314-8.
32. Dam AH, Koscinski I, Kremer JA, Moutou C, Jaeger AS, Oudakker AR, et al. Homozygous mutation in SPATA16 is associated with male infertility in human globozoospermia. Am J Hum Genet. 2007; 81(4): 813-20.
33. Xiao N, Kam C, Shen C, Jin W, Wang J, Lee KM, et al. PICK1 deficiency causes male infertility in mice by disrupting acrosome formation. J Clin Invest. 2009; 119(4): 802-12.
34. Liu G, Shi QW, Lu GX. A newly discovered mutation in PICK1 in a human with globozoospermia. Asian J Androl. 2010; 12(4): 556-60.
35. van Holde K, Zlatanova J. What determines the folding of the chromatin fiber? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93(20): 10548-55.
36. Oliva R. Protamines and male infertility. Hum Reprod Update. 2006; 12(4): 417-35.
37. Douglas T, Carrell DT. Epigenetics of the male gamete. Fertil Steril. 2011; 97(2): 267-4.
38. Meistrich ML, Mohapatra B, Shirley CR, Zhao M. Roles of transition nuclear proteins in spermiogenesis. Chromosoma. 2003; 111(8): 483-8.
39. Björndahl L, Kvist U. Human sperm chromatin stabilization: a proposed model including zinc bridges. Mol Hum Reprod. 2010; 16(1): 23-9.
40. Tavalaee M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Deemeh MR. Etiology and evaluation of sperm chromatin anomalies. Int J Fertil Steril. 2008; 2(1): 1-8.
41. Deemeh MR, Tavalee M, Razavi S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Evaluation of protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation in two globozoospermia patients undergoing ICSI. Int J Fertil Steril. 2007; 1(2): 85-88.
42. Nasr-Esfahani MH, Razavi S, Tavalaee M. Failed fertilization after ICSI and spermiogenic defects. Fertil Steril. 2008; 89(4): 892-8.
43. Razavi S, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Mardani M, Mafi A, Moghdam A. Effect of human sperm chromatin anomalies on fertilization outcome post-ICSI. Andrologia. 2003; 35(4): 238-43.
44. Nasr-Esfahani MH, Razavi S, Vahdati AA, Fathi F, Tavalaee M. Evaluation of sperm selection procedure based on hyaluronic acid binding ability on ICSI outcome. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2008; 25(5):197-203.
45. Rubino, P, Viganò, P, Luddi, A, Piomboni, P. The ICSI procedure from past to future: A systematic review of the more controversial aspects. Hum Reprod Update. 2016; 22(2): 194–227.
46. Perrin A, Coat C, Nguyen MH, Talagas M, Morel F, Amice J, et al. Molecular cytogenetic and genetic aspects of globozoospermia: a review. Andrologia. 2013; 45(1): 1-9.
47. Perrin A, Louanjli N, Ziane Y, Louanjli T, Le Roy C, Gueganic N, et al. Study of aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation in gametes of patients with severe teratozoospermia. Reprod Biomed Online. 2011; 22(2): 148-54.
48. Kirkpatrick G, Ferguson KA, Gao H, Tang S, Chow V, Yuen BH, et al. A comparison of sperm aneuploidy rates between infertile men with normal and abnormal karyotypes. Hum Reprod. 2008; 23(7): 1679-83.
49. Elinati E, Kuentz P, Redin C, Jaber S, Vanden Meerschaut F, Makarian J, et al. Globozoospermia is mainly due to DPY19L2 deletion via non-allelic homologous recombination involving two recombination hotspots. Hum Mol Genet. 2012; 21(16): 3695-702.
50. Agarwal A, Allamaneni SS. Sperm DNA damage assessment: a test whose time has come. Fertil Steril. 2005; 84(4): 850-3.
51. Vicari E, Perdichizzi A, De Palma A, Burrello N, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. Globozoospermia is associated with chromatin structure abnormalities: case report. Hum Reprod. 2002; 17(8): 2128-33.
52. Tejera A, Mollá M, Muriel L, Remohí J, Pellicer A, De Pablo JL. Successful pregnancy and childbirth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with calcium ionophore oocyte activation in a globozoospermic patient. Fertil Steril. 2008; 90(4): 12021-5.
53. Egashira A, Murakami M, Haigo K, Horiuchi T, Kuramoto T. A successful pregnancy and live birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with globozoospermic sperm and electrical oocyte activation. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92(6): 2037.e5-9.
54. Taylor SL, Yoon SY, Morshedi MS, Lacey DR, Jellerette T, Fissore RA, et al. Complete globozoospermia associated with PLCζ deficiency treated with calcium ionophore and ICSI results in pregnancy. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010; 20(4): 559-64.
55. Brahem S, Elghezal H, Ghédir H, Landolsi H, Amara A, Ibala S, et al. Cytogenetic and molecular aspects of absolute teratozoospermia: comparison between polymorphic and monomorphic forms. Urology. 2011; 78(6): 1313-9.
56. Brahem S, Mehdi M, Elghezal H, Saad A. Analysis of sperm aneuploidies and DNA fragmentation in patients with globozoospermia or with abnormal acrosomes. Urology. 2011; 77(6): 1343-8.
57. Sermondade N, Hafhouf E, Dupont C, Bechoua S, Palacios C, Eustache F, et al. Successful childbirth after intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection without assisted oocyte activation in a patient with globozoospermia. Hum Reprod. 2011; 26(11): 2944-9.
58. Zhioua A, Merdassi G, Bhouri R, Ferfouri F, Ammar AB, Amouri A, et al. Apport de l’exploration cytogénétique et ultrastructurale dans le pronostic de fertilité des sujets globozoospermiques. Basic and Clinical Andrology. 2011; 21(4): 240-246.
59. Gatimel N, Léandri RD, Foliguet B, Bujan L, Parinaud J. Sperm cephalic vacuoles: new arguments for their non acrosomal origin in two cases of total globozoospermia. Andrology. 2013; 1(1): 52-6.
60. Vozdova M, Rybar R, Kloudova S, Prinosilova P, Texl P, Rubes J. Total globozoospermia associated with increased frequency of immature spermatozoa with chromatin defects and aneuploidy: a case report. Andrologia. 2014; 46(8): 831-6.
61. Yassine S, Escoffier J, Martinez G, Coutton C, Karaouzène T, Zouari R, et al. Dpy19l2-deficient globozoospermic sperm display altered genome packaging and DNA damage that compromises the initiation of embryo development. Mol Hum Reprod. 2015; 21(2): 169-85.
62. Rasouli F, Sabbaghian M, Sadighi-Gilani MA, Monajemi R. Assessment of Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Patients with Partial Globozoospermia. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2015; 32(313): 2124-33
63. Ghasemzadeh J, Talebi AR, Khalili MA, Fesahat F, Halvaei I, Nabi A, et al. Sperm parameters, protamine deficiency, and apoptosis in total globozoospermia. Iran J Reprod Med. 2015; 13(8): 495-502.
64. Hosseinifar H, Yazdanikhah S, Modarresi T, Totonchi M, Sadighi Gilani MA, Sabbaghian M. Correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation index and CMA3 positive spermatozoa in globozoospermic patients. Andrology. 2015; 3(3): 526-31.
65. Talebi AR, Ghasemzadeh J, Khalili MA, Halvaei I, Fesahat F. Sperm chromatin quality and DNA integrity in partial versus total globozoospermia. Andrologia. 2017. [Epub ahead of print].
66. Viville S, Mollard R, Bach ML, Falquet C, Gerlinger P, Warter S. Do morphological anomalies reflect chromosomal aneuploidies? case report. Hum Reprod. 2000; 15(12): 2563-6.
67. Carrell DT, Wilcox AL, Udoff LC, Thorp C, Campbell B. Chromosome 15 aneuploidy in the sperm and conceptus of a sibling with variable familial expression of round-headed sperm syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2001; 76(6): 1258-60.
68. Zeyneloglu HB, Baltaci V, Duran HE, Erdemli E, Batioglu S. Achievement of pregnancy in globozoospermia with Y chromosome microdeletion after ICSI. Hum Reprod. 2002; 17(7): 1833-6.
69. Martin RH, Greene C, Rademaker AW. Sperm chromosome aneuploidy analysis in a man with globozoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2003; 79(3): 1662-4.
70. Morel F, Douet-Guilbert N, Le Bris MJ, Amice V, Le Martelot MT, Roche S, et al. Chromosomal abnormalities in couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A study of 370 couples and review of the literature. Int J Androl. 2004; 27(3): 178-82.
71. Ditzel N, El-Danasouri I, Just W, Sterzik K. Higher aneuploidy rates of chromosomes 13, 16, and 21 in a patient with globozoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2005; 84(1): 217-8.
72. Moretti E, Collodel G, Scapigliati G, Cosci I, Sartini B, Baccetti B. 'Round head' sperm defect. Ultrastructural and meiotic segregation study. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol. 2005; 37(3-4): 297-303.
73. Strassburger D, Reichart M, Kaufman S, Kasterstein E, Komarovsky D, Bern O, et al. Morphology assessment and fluorescence in situ hybridization of the same spermatozoon using a computerized cell-scanning system. Hum Reprod. 2007; 22(1): 201-9.
74. Schmiady H, Pfüller B, Bloechle M, Eckel H. Fertilisation failure after intracytoplasmic sperm injection is not associated with sperm aneuploidy of a globozoospermic patient. Andrologia. 2007; 39(1): 38-42.
75. Sahu B, Ozturk O, Serhal P. Successful pregnancy in globozoospermia with severe oligoasthenospermia after ICSI. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010; 30(8): 869-70.
76. Fári K, Takács S, Ungár D, Sinka R. The role of acroblast formation during Drosophila spermatogenesis. Biol Open. 2016; 5(8): 1102-10.
77. O'Connor C. Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Nat Edu. 2008; 1(1):171.